This is a new division in ICMR-NICED created after merging ICMR-Virus Unit, Kolkata with NICED. The major activities of this division is identification and research on emerging viral diseases of public health importance in Eastern India. Research activities of this division focuses on services, training, basic and translational research, and collaborative research on virus surveillance. This division currently involves in detection and basic research on viral hepatitis (HBV, HCV), Herpes Simplex virus (HSV), Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), arboviruses (Dengue, Japanese Encephalitis, Chikungunya) infection in Eastern India. As an Apex Referral Laboratory for the detection of Dengue, Japanese Encephalitis and Chikungunya designated by NBVDCP, give full diagnostic support throughout the year in eastern region with the help of Regional-VRDL, NICED, Kolkata. ICMR-NICED is also the Referral Laboratory for Dengue serotyping recognised by Govt. of West Bengal and this division provide dengue serotype report all over the state throughout the year and also doing research on dengue. Viral hepatitis caused by HCV is one of the major research area and also a service component of this division. This division is currently involved research on different aspect of human CMV infection among the different patient populations of eastern India including neonates as well as new born, HIV infected patients and transplant recipients. Studies on HSV, specially toll like receptors and other immunological parameters and utility of immunomodulators for treatment of HSV infection and latency are being looked into.