National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases  

NICED Scientists' Profiles
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Name Dr. G. Balakrish Nair
Educational Qualification M.Sc., Ph.D., FNA, FNASc, FTWAS, FAAM
Date of birth 5th January 1954
Designation Director
Division Microbiology
  E-mail   nairgb@icmr.org.in
gbnair_2002@yahoo.com
     
  Specialization   Clinical and Molecular Microbiology
     
  Date of joining ICMR   23rd August 2007
     

 

Professional Experience
 

Position Dates Institution Responsibility
Director Aug 23, 2007 to date National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) Calcutta, India Scientific and Administrative Head of the Institute
Director, Lab. Sciences Division Dec 13, 2001 to July 15, 2007 International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) Full time Research and Administrative Head of Lab. Sciences Division
Adjunct Senior Research Scientist July 1, 2004 to June 30, 2007 Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, USA Collaborative activities with the Center for Bioinformatics and Computation Biology
Acting Associate Director and Head
(D1)		 Dec. 1, 2000 to Dec 12, 2001 International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) Full time research and Administrative Head of Lab. Sci. Division
Research Microbiologist (P4, Step 2) Apr. 8, 2000 to Nov. 30, 2000 International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) Full time research and Head of Enteric Microbiology Unit
Deputy Director Dec. 26, 1996 to Apr. 7, 2000 National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases (NICED) Calcutta, India Full time research work on Microbiology of Diarrhoeal Etiologies
Sabbatical Leave Sept. 1, 1994 to June 26, 1995 Department of Microbiology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Molecular Microbiology
Assistant Director July 1, 1993 to Dec. 25, 1996 NICED Research on Diarrhoeal Diseases
Senior Research Officer July 1, 1988 to June 30, 1993 NICED Same as above
Guest Research Fellow, Japan Health Sciences Foundation March 1, 1987 to March 31, 1988 National Children’s Medical Research Center, Tokyo, Japan Research on Heat-stable enterotoxins of Vibrio cholerae
Research officer Oct. 8, 1982 to June, 30, 1988 NICED Research on Diarrhoeal Diseases
Asst. Research Officer Sept. 26, 1981 to Oct. 7, 1982 NICED Same as above

 

Research Interests

  • Diarrhoeal Disease Surveillance
  • Clinical Microbiology of Enteric pathogens,
  • Molecular Epidemiology of Enteric pathogens particularly of V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus
  • Microbial Pathogenesis of Enteric pathogens
  • Enteric toxins particularly cholera toxin and heat stable toxins
  • Vaccines against Enteric pathogens particularly cholera
  • Genetics of Vibrio cholerae

Projects

(i) Intramural:

  • Genomic analysis of multidrug resistant Campylobacter species isolated from diarrhoeal patients in Kolkata (new)
  • Time series model study for prediction of cholera and diarrhoea using atmospheric Temperature, Relative Humidity and Rainfall in Kolkata, India (new)
  • Molecular Epidemiology of Cholera in India (ongoing)

(i) Extramural:

  • Role of system biogeochemistry and seasonality on the distribution, abundance and diversity of Vibrio organisms in estuaries of West Bengal (new)
  • A randomized controlled trial (Phase-III) of the bivalent killed whole cell oral cholera vaccine in Eastern Kolkata, West Bengal, India (ongoing)
  • Surveillance of diarrhoeal disease in the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kolkata (ongoing)

Pre-doctoral and Post-doctoral Students

Students who have received their Ph.D. Degrees under my supervision with year of Award and title of the thesis

Sl. No. Name Award Year Title of thesis
1. Sumit Kumar Mishra 1990 Distribution, Speciation, Serotype Prevalence and Toxigenicity of Aeromonas Species Isolated from Clinical and Environmental Sources in Calcutta, India
2. Amit Pal 1992 Studies on Cell-associated and cell free toxins in Shigella spp., Salmonella typhimurium, diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli, Vibrio spp. and Aeromonas spp. isolated from clinical cases in Calcutta, India
3. Ravi Maruvada 1993 Studies on electrophoretic mobilities and immunoblot analyses of outer membrane proteins of mesophilic Aeromonads with emphasis on their identification
4. Prasanta K. Bag 1994 Studies on toxins of enteric Campylobacters with particular reference to the cytolethal distending toxin
5. Debjit De 1994 Studies on the relative importance of various classes of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli in hospitalized childhood diarrhoea with emphasis on enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic and enteroadherent E. coli
6. Mausumi Pal 1994 Studies on toxins and mechanisms of adherence of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli
7. Surabhi Garg 1995 Studies on the pathogenesis of cholera with emphasis on the ancillary secretogenic factors including zonula occludens toxin
8. Hemanto Koley 1995 Studies on the colonization ability and immune protection afforded by strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae non-O1 of defined virulence attributes in the rabbit model
9. Pradip Kumar Saha 1996 Studies on the cell rounding factor produced by Vibrio cholerae
10. Asish Kumar Mukhopadhyay 1997 Studies on the prevalence of the various serogroups of Vibrio cholerae among hospitalized patients in Calcutta and comparison of the biochemical, serological, antimicrobial susceptibility, toxigenic and survival traits of serogroups O139 and O1 of V. cholerae
11. Rupak Mitra 2000 Characterization of factors secreted by Vibrio cholerae of clinical origin which distort the structural integrity of eukaryotic cells
12. Soumen Chakraborty 2001 Molecular ecology of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae
13. Arnab Basu 2001 Molecular analysis of the structure, location and organization of the CTX genetic element of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae strains isolated over a period of three decades.
14. Indira Basu 2001 Biochemical, pathophysiological and immunological characterization of non-membrane damaging cytotoxin (NMDCY) of Vibrio cholerae and study of the ultra structural changes induced by NMDCY on different cell lines
15. Pallavi Garg 2002 Molecular analysis of virulence determinants of Vibrio cholerae O1, O139 and non-O1 non-O139 associated with acute secretary diarrhoea
16. Simanti Datta 2002 Molecular analysis of the virulence genes of Helicobacter pylori
17. Asis Khan 2002 Molecular epidemiology and significance of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 (EHEC) and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) from bovine and human sources
18. Muhammed Zeaur Rahim 2003
Dhaka University,
Bangladesh		 Assessment of virulence properties and characterization of environmental Aeromonas spp by biochemical, serological and molecular techniques
19. Nandini Ray Chaudhuri 2003 Molecular epidemiology of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Calcutta, India, with emphasis on the O3:K6 and O4:K68 pandemic clones
20. S. Kannan 2004
University of Kalyani		 Biochemical characteristics and molecular analysis of virulence genes of diarrhoeagenic Aeromonas
21. Tanuja Bhattacharya 2005 Characterization of virulence genes from environmental strains of Vibrio cholerae
22. Sutapa Sinha 2005 Phenotypic and genotypic studies on Aeromonas species associated with diarrhoea in Calcutta, India
23. Santanu Chattopadhyay 2005 Genotypes, vacuolating cytotoxin production and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of Helicobacter pylori
24. Dr. Shanta Dutta
Chattopadhyay		 2005
Kyushu University,
Fukuoka, Japan		 Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Shigella strains isolated in Kolkata, India: Strain typing, antimicrobial resistance and virulence gene profile
25. Keya De 2006 Immunobiological and molecular characterization of the rough strains of Vibrio cholerae
26. Rupa Chakraborty 2007 Virulence genes of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae and tracking genetic exchange of virulence genes among species belonging to the family Vibrionaceae
 
 
PUBLICATION OF DR. G. BALAKRISH NAIR
[2011]
1.   Banerjee, M., G. B. Nair and T. Ramamurthy. 2011. Phenotypic & genetic characterization of Bacillus cereus isolated from the acute diarrhoeal patients. Indian J. Med. Res. 133: 88-95.
2.   Lara, R. J., S. B. Neogi, M. S. Islam, Z. H. Mahmud, S. Islam, D. Paul, B. B. Demoz, S. Yamasaki, G. B. Nair, G. Kattner. 2011. Vibrio cholerae in waters of the Sunderban mangrove: relationship with biogeochemical parameters and chitin in seston size fractions. Wetlands Ecol. Manage 19: 109-119.  
3.   Lindsay, B., T. Ramamurthy, S. S. Gupta, Y. Takeda, K. Rajendran, G. B. Nair and O. C. Stine. 2011. Diarrheagenic pathogens in polymicrobial infections. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 17: 606-611.
4.   Deb, A. K., S. Kanungo, G. B. Nair, and J. P. Narain. 2011. The challenge of pneumonia & acute diarrhoea at global, regional & national levels: Time to refocus on a top most priority health problem. Indian J. Med. Res. 133: 128-130.
5.   Lindsay, B., T. Ramamurthy, S. Sen Gupta, Y. Takeda, K. Rajendran, G. B. Nair and O. C. Stine. 2011. Diarrheagenic pathogens in polymicrobial infections. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 17: April 2011.
6.   Nair, G. B., and Y. Takeda. 2011. Dr. Sambhu Nath De: Unsung hero. Editorial. Indian J. Med. Res. 133: 127.
7.   Na-Ubol, M., P. Srimanote, M. Chongsa-Nguan, N. Indrawattana, N. Sookrung, P. Tapchaisri, S. Yamazaki, L. Bodhidatta, B. Eampokalap, H. Kurazono, H. Hayashi, G. B. Nair, Y. Takeda, and W. Chaicumpa. 2011. Hybrid & El Tor variant biotypes of Vibrio cholerae O1 in Thailand. Indian J. Med. Res. 133: 387-394.
8.   Panda, S., K. K. Pati, M. K. Bhattacharya, H. Koley, S. Pahari, and G. B. Nair. 2011. Rapid situation & response assessment of diarrhoea outbreak in a coastal district following tropical cyclone AILA in India. Indian J. Med. Res. 133: 395-400.
9.   Patra, R., S. Chattopadhyay, R. De, S. Datta, A. Chowdhury, T. Ramamurthy, G. B. Nair, D. E. Berg, and A. K. Mukhopadhyay. 2011. Intact cag pathogenicity island of Helicobacter pylori without disease association in Kolkata, India. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 301: 293–302.
10.   Takahashi, E., H. Kobayashi, H. Yamanaka, G. B. Nair, Y. Takeda, S. Arimoto, T. Negishi and K. Okamoto. 2011. Inhibition of biosynthesis of metalloprotease of Aeromonas sobria by sodium chloride in the medium. Microbiol. Immunol. 55: 60–65.
11.   Zahid M. S., Z. Waise, A. N. Ghosh, G. B. Nair, S. A. M. Khairul Bashar, John J. Mekalanos and S. M. Faruque. 2011. An experimental study of phage mediated bactericidal selection & emergence of the El Tor Vibrio cholerae. Indian J. Med. Res. 133: 218-224.
[2010]
12. Alam, M., S. Nusrin, A. Islam, N. A. Bhuiyan, N. Rahim, G. Delgado, R. Morales, J. L. Mendez, A. Navarro, A. I. Gil, H. Watanabe, M. Morita, G. B. Nair, and A. Cravioto. 2010. Cholera between 1991 and 1997 in Mexico was associated with infection by Classical, El Tor, and El Tor Variants of Vibrio cholerae. J. Clin. Microbiol. 48: 3666–3674.
13. Alam, M., N. A. Hasan, M. Sultana, G. B. Nair, A. Sadique, A. S. G. Faruque, H. P. Endtz, R. B. Sack, A. Huq, R. R. Colwell, H. Izumiya, M. Morita, H. Watanabe, and A. Cravioto. 2010. Diagnostic limitations to accurate diagnosis of cholera. J. Clin. Microbiol. 48: 3918–3922.
14. Banerjee, K. K., and G. B. Nair. 2010. Cholera: An ancient monster kept alive by poverty. Sci. Culture 76: 143-144.  
15. Basu, S., A. K. Singh, and G. B. Nair. 2010. Emerging carbapenem resistance in the context of a new metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1). Natl. Med. J. India 23: 261-262.
 		  
16.   Begum, Y. A., S. Chakraborty, A. Chowdhury, A. N. Ghosh, G. B. Nair, R. B. Sack, A. M. Svennerholm, F. Qadri. 2010. Isolation of a bacteriophage, specific for CS7 expressing strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. J. Med. Microbiol. 59: 266-272.
17.   Bhadra, R., S. S. Das, and G. B. Nair. 2010. WHO immunological basis for immunization series. WHO. 1-31.  
18.   Charnernjiratragul, W., P; Bhoopong, D. Kantachote, S. Jomduang, R. Kong-Ngoen, G. B. Nair, and V. Vuddhakul. 2010. Inhibitory activity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Thai fermented food against pandemic strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. J. Food Safety 30: 67-82.  
19.   Choi, S. Y., J. H. Lee, F. J. Kim, H. R. Lee, Y. S. Jeon, L. von Seidlein, J. Deen, M. Ansaruzzaman, M. Lucas, A. Barreto, F. Songane, C. Mondlane, G. B. Nair, C. Czerkinsky, J. D. Clemens, J. Chun, and D. W. Kim. 2010. Classical RS1 and environmental RS1 elements in Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strains harboring a tandem repeat of CTX prophage: Revisiting Mozambique in 2005. J. Med. Microbiol. 59: 302-308.
20.   Choi, S. Y., J. H. Lee, Y. S. Jeon, H. R. Lee, E. J. Kim, M. Ansaruzzaman, N. A. Bhuiyan, H. P. Endtz, S. K. Niyogi, B. L. Sarkar, G. B. Nair, B. M. Nguyen, N. T. Hien, C. Czerkinsky, J. D. Clemens, J. Chun, and D. W. Kim. 2010. Multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strains harbouring classical toxin B. J. Med. Microbiol. 59: 763-769.
21.   Ghosh-Banerjee, J., M. Senoh, T. Takahashi, T. Hamabata, S. Barman, H. Koley, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, T. Ramamurthy, S. Chatterjee, M. Asakura, S. Yamasaki, G. B. Nair, and Y. Takeda. 2010. Cholera toxin production by the El Tor variant of Vibrio cholerae O1 compared to prototype El Tor and classical biotypes. J. Clin. Microbiol. 48: 4283-4286.
22.   Gleick, P. H., and 200 authors including G. B. Nair. 2010. Climate change and the integrity of science. Science 328: 689-690.  
23.   Grim, C. J., N. A. Hasan, E. Taviani, B. Haley, J. Chun, T. S. Brettin, D. C. Bruce, J. C. Detter, C. S. Han, O. Chertkov, J. Challacombe, A. Huq, G. B. Nair, and R. R. Colwell. 2010. Genome sequence of hybrid V. cholerae O1 that possess classical biotype ctxB among travel-associated cases of cholera in Japan. J. Bacteriol. 192:3 524-3533.
24.   Hajela N., G. B. Nair, and N. K. Ganguly. 2010. Are probiotics a feasible intervention for prevention of diarrhoea in the developing world? Gut Pathog. 2:10.
25.   Halder, K., B. Das, G. B. Nair, and R. K. Bhadra. 2010. Molecular evidences favouring step-wise evolution of Mozambique Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor hybrid strain. Microbiology 156: 99-107.
26.   Haley, B. J., Christopher J. Grim, N. A. Hasan, E. Taviani, J. Chun, T. S. Brettin, D. C. Bruce, J. F. Challacombe, J. C. Detter, C. S. Han, A. Huq, G. B. Nair, and R. R. Colwell. 2010. The pre-seventh pandemic Vibrio cholerae BX 330286 El Tor genome: evidence for the environment as a genome reservoir. Environ. Microbiol. Reports 2: 208–216.  
27.   Hasana, N. A., C. J. Grim, B. J. Haley, J. Chun, M. Alam, E. Taviani, M. Hoq, A. C. Munk, E. Saunders, T. S. Brettin, D. C. Bruce, J. F. Challacombe, J. C. Detter, C. S. Han, G. Xie, G. B. Nair, A. Huq, and R. R. Colwell. 2010. Comparative genomics of clinical and environmental Vibrio mimicus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107: 21134-21139.
28.   Huq, A, M. Yunus, S. S. Sohel, A. Bhuiya, M. Emch, S. P. Luby, E. Russek-Cohen, G. B. Nair, R. B. Sack, and R. R. Colwell. 2010. Simple sari cloth filtration of water is sustainable and continues to protect villagers from cholera in Matlab, Bangladesh. MBio 1 pii: e00034-10.
29.   Kamruzzaman, M., S. M. Udden, D. E. Cameron, S. B. Calderwood, G. B. Nair, J. J. Mekalanos, and S. M. Faruque. 2010. Quorum-regulated biofilms enhance the development of conditionally viable, environmental Vibrio cholerae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 107: 1588 - 1593.
30.   Kanungo, S., B. K. Sah, A. L. Lopez, J. S. Sung, A. M. Paisley, D. Sur, J. D. Clemens, and G. B. Nair. 2010. Cholera in India: an analysis of reports, 1997–2006. Bull. World Health Organ. 88: 185–191.
31.   Morita, M., M. Ohnishi, E. Arakawa, S. Yamamoto, G. B. Nair, S. Matsushita, K. Yokoyama, A. Kai, K. Seto, H. Watanabe, and H. Izumiya. 2010. Emergence and genetic diversity of El Tor Vibrio cholerae O1 that possess classical biotype ctxB among travel-associated cases of cholera in Japan. J. Med. Microbiol. 59: 708-712.
32.   Mukherjee, P., S. Ghosh, T. Ramamurthy, M. K. Bhattacharya, R. K. Nandy, Y. Takeda, G. B. Nair, and A. K. Mukhopadhyay. 2010. Evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic dipstick kit for diagnosis of cholera emphasizes its outbreak utility. Jpn. J. Infect. Dis. 63: 234-238.
33.   Nair, G. B., and J. P. Narain. 2010. From endotoxin to exotoxin: De’s rich legacy to cholera. Bull. World Health Organ. 88:237-240.
34.   Nair, G. B., T. Ramamurthy, M. K. Bhattacharya, T. Krishnan, S. Ganguly, D. R. Saha, K. Rajendran, B. Manna, M. Ghosh, K. Okamoto, and Y. Takeda. 2010. Emerging trends in the etiology of enteric pathogens as evidenced from an active surveillance of hospitalized diarrhoeal patients in Kolkata, India. Gut Pathog. 2:4.
35.   Ramamurthy, T., and G. B. Nair. 2010. Evolving identity of epidemic Vibrio cholerae: Past and the present. Sci. Culture. 76: 153-159.  
36.   Raychoudhuri, A., P. Mukherjee, T. Ramamurthy, R. K. Nandy, Y. Takeda, G. B. Nair, and A. K. Mukhopadhyay. 2010. Genetic analysis of CTX prophages with special reference to ctxB and rstR alleles of Vibrio cholerae O139 strains isolated from Kolkata over a decade. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 303:107–115.
37.   Safa, A., G. B. Nair, and R. Y. Kong. 2010. Evolution of new variants of Vibrio cholerae O1. Trends Microbiol. 18: 46-54.
38.   Senoh, M., J. Ghosh-Banerjee, T. Ramamurthy, T. Hamabata, T. Kurakawa, M. Takeda, R. R. Colwell, G. B. Nair, and Y. Takeda. 2010. Conversion of viable but non-culturable Vibrio cholera to the culturable state by co-culture with eukaryotic cells. Microbiol. Immunol. 54:502-507.
39.   Siddique, A. K., G. B. Nair, M. Alam, D. A. Sack, A. Huq, A. Nizam, I. M. Longini Jr, F. Qadri, S. M. Faruque, R. R. Colwell, S. Ahmed, A. Iqbal, N. A. Bhuiyan, and R. B. Sack. 2010. El Tor cholera with severe disease: a new threat to Asia and beyond. Epidemiol. Infect. 138:347-352.
40.   Sur, D., B. Manna, S. K. Niyogi, T. Ramamurthy, A. Palit, K. Nomoto, T. Takahashi, T. Shima, H. Tsuji, T. Kurakawa, Y. Takeda, G B Nair, and SK Bhattacharya. 2010. Role of probiotic in preventing acute diarrhoea in children: a community-based, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled field trial in an urban slum. Epidemiol. Infect. 30:1-8.
41.   Sur, D., G. B. Nair, A. L. Lopez, J. D. Clemens, V. M. Katoch, and N. K. Ganguly, 2010. Oral cholera vaccines – a call for action. Indian J. Med. Res. 131:1-3.
42.   Takahashi, E., Y. Fujii, H. Kobayashi, H. Yamanaka, G. B. Nair, Y. Takeda, S. Arimoto, T. Negishi, and K. Okamoto. 2010. Maturation pathway of metalloprotease produced by Aeromonas sobria. Microbiol Immunol. 54: 596-605.
43.   Zahid, M. S., T.M. Waise, M. Kamruzzaman, A.N. Ghopsh, G. B. Nair, J. J. Mekalanos, and S. M. Faruque. 2010. The cAMP-CRP signaling system mediates resistance of Vibrio cholerae O1 strains to multiple environmental bacteriophages. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76:4233-4240.
[2009]
44.   Alam, M., W. B. Chowdhury, N. A. Bhuiyan, A.Islam, N. A. Hasan, G. B. Nair, H. Watanabe,A. K. Siddique, A. Huq, R. B. Sack, M. Z. Akhter, C. J. Grim, K. M. Kam, C. K. Luey, H. P. Endtz, A.Cravioto, and R. R. Colwell. 2009. Serogroup, virulence, and genetic traits of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the estuarine ecosystem of Bangladesh. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75:6268-6274.
45.   Bhattacharya S., R. Black, L. Bourgeois, J. Clemens, A. Cravioto, J. L. Deen, G. Dougan, R. Glass, R. F. Grais, M. Greco, I. Gust, J. Holmgren, S. Kariuki, P. H. Lambert, M. A. Liu, I. Longini, G. B. Nair, R. Norrby, G. J. V. Nossal, P. Ogra, P. Sansonetti, L. Von Seidlein, F. Songane, A. M. Svennerholm, D. Steele, and R. Walker. 2009. Public health: the cholera crisis in Africa. Science. 324: 885.
46.   Bhuiyan, N. A., S. Nusrin, M. Alam, M. Morita, H. Watanabe, T. Ramamurthy, A. Cravioto, and G. B. Nair. 2009. Changing genotypes of cholera toxin (CT) of Vibrio cholerae O139 in Bangladesh and description of three new CT genotypes. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 57:136-141.
47.   Chatterjee, S., T. Patra, K. Ghosh, A. Raychoudhuri, G. P. Pazhani, M. Das, B. L. Sarkar, R. K. Bhadra, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, Y. Takeda, G. B. Nair, T. Ramamurthy, and R. K. Nandy. 2009. Vibrio cholerae O1 clinical strains isolated in 1992 in Kolkata with progenitor traits of the 2004 Mozambique variant. J. Med. Microbiol. 58: 239-247.
48.   Chun, J., C. J. Grim, N. A. Hasan, J. H. Lee, S. Y. Choi, B. J. Haley, E. Taviani, Y. S. Jeon, D. W. Kim, J-H Lee, T. S. Brettin, D. C. Bruce, J. F. Challacombe, J. C. Detter, C. S. Han, A. C. Munk, O. Chertkov, L. Meincke, E. Saunders, R. A. Walters, A. Huq, G. B. Nair, and R. R. Colwell. 2009. Comparative genomics reveals mechanism for short-term and long-term clonal transitions in pandemic Vibrio cholerae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA 106:15442-15447.
49.   Das M., T. S. Bhowmick, R. K. Nandy, G. B. Nair, and B. L. Sarkar. 2009. Surveillance of vibriophages reveals their role as biomonitoring agents in Kolkata. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 67:502-510.
50.   De, R., P. Kundu, S. Swarnakar, T. Ramamurthy, A. Chowdhury, G. B. Nair, and A. K. Mukhopadhyay. 2009. Antimicrobial activity of curcumin against Indian Helicobacter pylori and also during mice infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 53:1592-1597.
51.   Ju Teh C. S., Lin Thong K, Tein Ngoi S, N. Ahmad, G. B. Nair, and T. Ramamurthy. 2009. Molecular characterization of serogrouping and virulence genes of Malaysian Vibrio cholerae isolated from different sources. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 55: 419-425.
52.   Kanungo, S., D. Sur, and G. B. Nair. 2009. Vaccination against cholera: opening up a new horizon of hope? Sevamed 8: i-vi.  
53.   Kumar, P., M. Jain, A. K. Goel, S. Bhadauria, S. K. Sharma, D. V. Kamboj, L. Singh, T. Ramamurthy, and G. B. Nair. 2009. A large cholera outbreak due to a new cholera toxin variant of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor biotype in Orissa, Eastern India. J. Med. Microbiol. 58: 234-238.
54.   Lara, R. J., S. B. Neogi, M. S. Islam, Z. H. Mahmud, S. Yamasaki, and G. B. Nair. 2009. Influence of catastrophic climatic events and human waste on Vibrio distribution in the Karnaphuli estuary. Bangladesh. EcoHealth 6:279-286.
55.   Lee, J. H., S. Y. Choi, Y-S. Jeon, H. R. Lee, E. J. Kim, B. M. Nguyen, N. T. Hien, M. Ansaruzzaman, M. S. Islam, N. A. Bhuiyan, S. K. Niyogi, B. L. Sarkar, G. B. Nair, D. S. Kim, A. L. Lopez, C. Czerkinsky, J. D. Clemens, J. Chun, and D. W. Kim. 2009. Classification of hybrid and altered Vibrio cholerae strains by CTX prophage and RS1 element structure. J. Microbiol. 47: 783-788.
56.   Mahalanabis D, T. Ramamurthy, G. B. Nair, A. Ghosh, S. Shaikh, B. Sen, M. Thungapathra, R. K.Ghosh, G. P. Pazhani, R.K. Nandy, S. Jana, S. K. Bhattacharya. 2009. Randomized placebo controlled human volunteer trial of a live oral cholera vaccine VA1.3 for safety and immune response. Vaccine 27:4850–4856.
57.   Monira S., N. H. Alam, A. Suau, F. Magne, G. B. Nair, P. C. Karmakar, M. Rahman, P. Pochart, and J. F. Desjeux. 2009. Time course of bacterial diversity in stool samples of malnourished children with Cholera receiving treatment. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 48:571-578.
58.   Nusrin, S., A. I. Gil, N. A. Bhuiyan, A. Safa, M. Asakura, C. F.Lanata, E. Hall, H. Miranda, B.Huapaya, G. C. Vargas, M. A. Luna, D. A. Sack, S. Yamasaki, and G. B. Nair. 2009. Peruvian Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strains possess a distinct region in the Vibrio seventh pandemic island-II that differentiates them from the prototype seventh pandemic El Tor strains. J. Med. Microbiol. 58:342-354.
59.   Raychoudhuri, A., T. Patra, K. Ghosh, T. Ramamurthy, R. K. Nandy, Y. Takeda, G. B. Nair, and A. K. Mukhopadhyay. 2009. Classical ctxB in Vibrio cholerae O1, Kolkata, India. Emerg. Infec. Dis. 15:131-132.
60.   Safa A, N. A. Bhuiyan, D. Murphy, J. Bates, S. Nusrin, R. Y. Kong, M. Chongsanguan, W. Chaicumpa, and G. B. Nair. 2009. Multilocus genetic analysis reveals that the Australian strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 are similar to the pre-seventh pandemic strains of the El Tor biotype. J. Med. Microbiol. 58:105-111.
61.   Sur, D., A. L. Lopez, S. Kanungo, A. Paisley, B. Manna, M. Ali, S. K. Niyogi, J. K. Park, B. L. Sarkar, M. K. Puri, D. R. Kim, J. L. Deen, J. Holmgren, R. Carbis, R. Rao, N. T. Van, A. Donner, N. K. Ganguly, G. B. Nair, S. K. Bhattacharya, and J. D. Clemens. 2009. Efficacy and safety of a modified killed-whole-cell oral cholera vaccine in India: an interim analysis of a cluster-randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 374:1694-1702.
[2008]
62. Ansaruzzaman M, A. Chowdhury, N. A. Bhuiyan, M. Sultana, A. Safa, M. Lucas, L. von Seidlein, A. Barreto, C. L. Chaignat, D. A. Sack, J. D. Clemens, G. B. Nair, S. Y. Choi, Y. S. Jeon, J. H. Lee, H. R. Lee, J. Chun, and D. W. Kim. 2008. Characteristics of a pandemic clone of O3 : K6 and O4 : K68 Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated in Beira, Mozambique. J Med Microbiol. 57:1502-1507.
63..   Constantine de Magny, G.., R. Murtugudde, M. R. P. Sapiano, A. Nizam, C. W. Brown, A. J. Busalacchi, M. Yunus, G. B. Nair, A. I. Gil, C. F. Lanata, J. Calkins, B. Manna, K. Rajendran, M. K. Bhattacharya, A. Huq, R. B. Sack, and R. R. Colwell. 2008. Environmental signatures associated with cholera epidemics. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sciences USA 105:17676-17681.
64.   Ghosh, R., G. B. Nair, L Tang, J. G. Morris, N. C. Sharma, M. Ballal, P. Garg, T. Ramamurthy, and O. C. Stine. 2008. Epidemiological study of Vibrio cholerae using variable number of tandem repeats. FEMS. Microbiol. Lett. 288:196-201.
65.   Kam, K. M., C. K. Luey, M. B. Parsons, K. L. Cooper, G. B. Nair, M. Alam, M. A. Islam, D. T. Cheung, Y. W. Chu, T. Ramamurthy, G. P. Pazhzni, S. K Bhattacharya, H. Watanabe, J. Terajima, E. Arakawa, O. A. Ratchtrachenchai, S. Huttayananont, E. M Ribot, P. Gerner-Smidt, B. Swaminathan and Vibrio parahaemolyticus PulseNet PFGE Protocol Working Group. 2008. Evaluation and validation of a PulseNet standardized Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis protocol for subtyping Vibrio parahaemolyticus: an international multicenter collaborative study. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46: 2766-2773.
66.   Khan, R., S. Nahar, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, D. E. Berg, M. M. Ahmad, K. Okamoto, G. B. Nair, and M. Rahman. 2008. Isolation of tetracycline-resistant clinical Helicobacter pylori without mutation in 16S rRNA gene in Bangladesh. Microbiol. Immunol. 52: 508-511.
67.   Mazumder, K., B. P. Choudhury, G. B. Nair, and A. K. Sen. 2008. Identification of a novel sugar 5,7-diacetamido-8-amino-3,5,7,8,9-pentadeoxy-D:-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid present in the lipooligosaccharide of Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6. Glycoconj J. 25:345-354.
68.   Morita M, M. Ohnishi, E. Arakawa, N. A. Bhuiyan, S. Nusrin, M. Alam, A. K. Siddique, F. Qadri, H. Izumiya, G. B. Nair, and H. Watanabe. 2008. Development and validation of a mismatch amplification mutation PCR assay to monitor the dissemination of an emerging variant of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor. Microbiol Immunol. 52:314-317.
69.   Nair, G. B., and Y. Takeda. 2008. Cholera: the need to translate research knowledge into effective preventive and control measures. Editorial. Future Microbiol. 3:379-381.
70.   Raychoudhuri, A., A. K. Mukhopadhyay, T. Ramamurthy, R. K. Nandy, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 2008. Biotyping of Vibrio cholerae O1: Time to redefine the scheme. Indian J. Med. Res. 128:695-698.
71.   Shima, K., N. Kawamura, A. Hinenoya, N. Sugimoto, Y. Wu, M. Asakura, K. Nishimura, G. B. Nair, and S. Yamasaki. 2008. Rapid culture-free identification and molecular typing of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli by PCR-RFLP. Microbiol. Immunol. 52:310-313.
72.   Shinoda S, T. Nakagawa, N. Hirakawa, S. Miyoshi, E. Arakawa, T. Ramamurthy, B. Dutta, S. M. Faruque, and G. B. Nair. 2008. Molecular epidemiological studies of Vibrio cholerae in Bengal region. Biocontrol Sci. 13:1-8.
73.   Stine, O. C., M. Alam, L. Tang, G. B. Nair, A. K. Siddique, S. M. Faruque, A. Huq, R. Colwell, R. B. Sack, and J. G. Morris, Jr. 2008. Seasonal cholera from multiple small outbreaks, rural Bangladesh. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 14: 831-833.
74.   Takahashi, E., Z. Sultan, S. Shimada, W. W. Aung, M. M. Nyein, K. N. Oo, G. B. Nair, Y. Takeda, and K Okamoto. 2008. Studies on the diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from children with diarrhea in Myanmar. Microbiol. Immunol. 52:2-8.
75.   Talukder, K. A., M. Aslam, Z. Islam, I. J. Azmi, D. K. Datta. S. Hossain, A. Nur-E-Kamal, G. B. Nair, A. Cravioto, D. A. Sack, and H. P. Endtz. 2008. Prevalence of virulence genes and cytolethal distending toxin production in Campylobacter jejuni isolates from diarrheal patients in Bangladesh. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46:1485-1488.
76.   Tapchaisri, P., M. Na-Ubol, W. Tiyasuttipan, S. C. Chaiyaroj, S. Yamasaki, T. Wongsaroj, H. Hayashi, G. B. Nair, M. Chongsa-Nguan, H. Kurazono, and W. Chaicumpa. 2008. Molecular typing of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates from Thailand by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J. Health Popul. Nutr. 26:79-87.
77.   Udden S. M., S. M. H. Zahid, K. Biswas, Q. S. Ahmad, A. Cravioto, G. B. Nair, J. J. Mekalanos, and S. M. Faruque. 2008. Acquisition of classical CTX prophage from Vibrio cholerae O141 by El Tor strains aided by lytic phages and chitin induced competence. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105:11951-11956.
[2007]
78.   Abd, H., A. Saeed, A. Weintraub, G. B. Nair, and G. Sandstrom. 2007. Vibrio cholerae O1 strains are facultative intracellular bacteria, able to survive and multiply symbiotically inside the aquatic free-living amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 60: 33-39.
79.   Alam, M., M. Sultana, G. B. Nair, A. K. Siddique, N. A. Hasan, R. B. Sack, D.A. Sack, K.U. Ahmed, A. Sadique, H. Watanabe, C. J. Grim, A. Huq, and R. R. Colwell. 2007. Viable but nonculturable Vibrio cholerae O1 in biofilms in the aquatic environment and their role in cholera transmission. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 104: 17801-17806.
80.   Ansaruzzaman, M., N. A. Bhuiyan, A. Safa, M. Sultana, A. Mcuamule, C. Mondlane, X-Y. Wang, J. L. Deen, L. V. Seidlein, J. D. Clemens, M. Lucas, D. A. Sack, and G. B. Nair. 2007. Genetic diversity of El Tor strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 with hybrid traits isolated from Bangladesh and Mozambique. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 297:443-449.
81.   Ansaruzzaman, M., N. A. Bhuiyan, Y. A. Begum, I. Kuhn, G. B. Nair, D. A. Sack. A.-M.Svennerholm, and F.Qadri. 2007. Characterization of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli from diarrhoeal patients in Bangladesh using phenotyping and genetic profiling. J. Med. Microbiol. 56: 217-222.
82.   Asakura, M., A. Hinenoya, M. S. Alam, K. Shima, S. H. Zahid, L. Shi, N. Sugimoto, A. N. Ghosh, T. Ramamurthy, S. M. Faruque, G. B. Nair, and S. Yamasaki. 2007. An inducible lambdoid prophage encoding cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt-I) and a type III effector protein in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 104: 14483-14488.
83.   Begum, Y. A., K. A. Talukder, G. B. Nair, S. I. Khan, A. M. Svennerholm, R. B. Sack, and F.Qadri. 2007. Comparison of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from surface water and diarrhoeal stool samples in Bangladesh. Can. J. Microbiol. 53: 19-26.
84.   Faruque A. S., K. Alam, M. A. Malek, M. G. Khan, S. Ahmed, D. Saha, W. A. Khan, G. B. Nair, M. A. Salam, S. P. Luby, and D. A. Sack. 2007. Emergence of multidrug-resistant strain of Vibrio cholerae O1 in Bangladesh and reversal of their susceptibility to tetracycline after two years. J. Health Popul. Nutr. 25: 241-243.
85.   Faruque, S. M., V. C. Tam, N. Chowdhury, P. Diraphat, M. Dziejman, J. F. Heidelberg, J. D. Clemens, J. J. Mekalanos, and G. B. Nair. 2007. Genomic analysis of the Mozambique strain of Vibrio cholerae O1 reveals the origin of El Tor strains carrying classical CTX prophage. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sciences USA. 104: 5151-5156.
86.   Gil A. I., H. Miranda, C. F. Lanata, A. Prada, E. R. Hall, C. M. Barreno, S. Nusrin, N. A. Bhuiyan, D. A. Sack, and G. B. Nair. 2007. O3:K6 serotype of Vibrio parahaemolyticus identical to the global pandemic clone associated with diarrhea in Peru. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 11: 324-328.
87.   Gil, A. I, C. F. Lanata, H. Miranda, A. Prada, C. Seas, E. R. Hall, R. Meza, C. M. Barreno, D. Maurtua and G. B. Nair. 2007. Gravedad de la gastroenteritis causada por Vibrio parahaemolyticus del grupo pandemico en El Peru. Rev. Peru Med. Exp. Salud Publica. 24:350-355 (in Spanish).  
88.   Hinenoya, A., A. Nagita, M. Asakura, T. Tsukamoto, T. Ramamurthy, G. B. Nair, Y. Takeda, and S Yamasaki. 2007. Cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt)-producing Escherichia coli isolated from a child with bloody diarrhea in Japan. Microbiol. Immunol. 51: 435-438.
89.   Islam M. S., A. Brooks, M. S. Kabir, I. K. Jahid, M. S. Islam, D. Goswami, G. B. Nair, C. Larson, W. Yukiko, S. Luby. 2007. Faecal contamination of drinking water sources of Dhaka city during the 2004 flood in Bangladesh and use of disinfectants for water treatment. J. Appl. Microbiol. 103: 80-87.
90.   Kumar, R. K., V. Sathish, G. B. Nair, and J. Nagaraju. 2007. Genetic characterization of Vibrio cholerae strains by simple sequence repeat-PCR. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 272: 251-258.
91.   Mahmud, Z. H., S. B. Neogi, A. Kassu, T. Wada, M. S. Islam, G. B. Nair, and F. Ota. 2007. Seaweeds as a reservoir for diverse Vibrio parahaemolyticus populations in Japan. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 118: 92-96.
92.   Nair, G. B., T. Ramamurthy, S. K. Bhattacharya, B. Dutta, Y. Takeda, and D. A. Sack. 2007. Global dissemination of Vibrio parahaemolyticus serotype O3:K6 and its serovariants. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 20:39-48.
93.   Nair, G. B. 2007. How much more research is required to prevent cholera? Indian J. Med. Res. 125: 612-614 (commentary).
94.   Rahman, M., A. K. Siddique, F.C-H. Tam, S. Sharmin, H. Rashid, A. Iqbal, S. Ahmed, G. B. Nair, C-L. Chaignat, and P-L Lim. 2007. Rapid detection of early typhoid fever in endemic community children by the TUBEX® O9-antibody test. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 58: 275-281.
95.   Rahman, M., S. Shoma, H. Rashid, S. E. Arifeen, A. H. Baqui, A. K. Siddiqui, G. B. Nair, and D. A. Sack. 2007. Increasing spectrum in antimicrobial resistance of Shigella isolates in Bangladesh: Resistance to azithromycin and ceftriaxone and decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. J. Health Popul. Res. 25:158-167.
96.   Serichantalergs, O., N. A. Bhuiyan, G. B. Nair, O. Chivaratanond, A. Srijan, L. Bodhidatta, S. Anuras, and C. J. Mason. 2007. The dominance of pandemic serovars of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in expatriates and sporadic cases of diarrhea in Thailand and a new emergent serovar (O3:K6) with pandemic traits. J. Med. Microbiol. 56:608-613.
97.   Talukder, K. A., A. S. Mondal, M. A. Islam, Z. Islam, D. K. Duta, B. K. Khajanchi, I. J. Azmi, M. A. Hossain, M. Rahman, T. Cheasty, A. Cravioto, G. B. Nair, and D. A. Sack. 2007. A novel serovar of Shigella dysenteriae from patients with diarrhoea in Bangladesh. J. Med. Microbiol. 56: 654-658.
98.   Tapchaisri P, M. Na-Ubol, J. Jaipaew, P. Srimanote, M. Chongsa-Nguan, S. Yamasaki, H. Hayashi, G. B. Nair, H. Kurazono, and W. Chaicumpa. 2007. Virulence genes of clinical Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates in Thailand and their ribotypes. J. Infect. 55: 557-565.
99.   Wong H. C., S. H. Liu, C. S. Chiou, M. Nishibuchi, B. K. Lee, O. Suthienkul, G. B. Nair, C. A. Kaysner, and H Taniguchi. 2007. A pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing scheme for Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from fifteen countries. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 114: 280-287.
[2006]
100. Ahmed, A., L. T. D’Costa, K. Alam, G. B. Nair, and A. Hossain. 2006. Multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates with high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50:3516-3517.
101.   Alam, M., A. Sadique, N. A. Hasan, N. A. Bhuiyan, G. B. Nair, A. K. Siddique, David A.  Sack, S. Ahsan, A. Huq, R. B.  Sack, and R. R. Colwell. 2006. Effect of transport at ambient temperature on detection and isolation of Vibrio cholerae from environmental samples. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72:2185-2190.
102.   Alam, M., M. Sultana, G. B. Nair, R. B. Sack, D. A.  Sack, A. K. Siddique, A. Ali, A. Huq, and R. R. Colwell. 2006. Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae in the aquatic environment of Mathbaria, Bangladesh. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72:2849-2855.
103.   Alam, M., N. A. Hasan, A. Sadique, N. A. Bhuiyan, K. U. Ahmed, S. Nusrin, G. B. Nair, A. K. Siddique, R. B. Sack, D. A. Sack, A. Huq, and R. R. Colwell. 2006. Seasonal cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139 in the coastal aquatic environment of Bangladesh. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72: 4096-4104.
104.   Alam, M., N. A. Hasan, S. Ahsan, G. P. Pazhani, K. Tamura, T. Ramamurthy, D. J. Gomes, S. R. Rahman, A. Islam, F. Akhtar, S. Shinoda, H. Watanabe. S. M. Faruque, and G. B. Nair. 2006. Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of Escherichia coli isolated from aquatic environment of Bangladesh. Microbiol. Immunol. 50: 359-370.
105.   Bhattacharya, T., S. Chatterjee, D. Maiti, R. K. Bhadra, Y. Takeda, G. B. Nair, and R. K. Nandy. 2006. Molecular analysis of the rstR and orfU genes of the CTX prophages integrated in the small chromosomes of environmental Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 strains. Environ. Microbiol. 8:526-534.
106.   Chakraborty, R., S.  Sinha, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, M. Asakura, S. Yamasaki, S. K. Bhattacharya, G. B. Nair, and T. Ramamurthy. 2006. Species-specific identification of Vibrio fluvialis by PCR targeted to the conserved transcriptional activation and variable membrane tether regions of toxR gene. J. Med. Microbiol. 55:805-808.
107.   Cooper K. L. F., C. K. Y. Luey, M. Bird, J. Terajima, G. B. Nair, K. M. Kam, E. Arakawa, A. Safa, D. T. Cheung, C. P. Law, H. Watanabe, K. Kubota, B. Swaminathan, and E. M. Ribot. 2006. Development and validation of a PulseNet standardized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocol for subtyping of Vibrio cholerae. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 3:51-58.
108.   Faruque, S. M., K. Biswas, S. M. N. Udden, Q. S. Ahmed, D. A. Sack, G. B. Nair, and J. J. Mekalanos. 2006. Transmissibility of cholera: In vivo-formed biofilms and their relationship to infectivity and persistence in the environment. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sciences USA 103:6350-6355.
109.   Faruque, S. M., M. J. Islam, Q. S. Ahmad, K. Biswas, A. S. G. Faruque, G. B. Nair, R. B. Sack, D. A. Sack, and J. J. Mekalanos. 2006. An improved technique for isolation of environmental Vibrio cholerae with epidemic potential: monitoring the emergence of a multiple-antibiotic-resistant epidemic strain in Bangladesh. J. Infect. Dis. 193: 1029-1036.
110.   Kalluri, P., A. Naheed, S. Rahman, M. Ansaruzzaman, A. S. G. Faruque, M. Bird, F. Khatun, N. A. Bhuiyan, F. Nato, J. M. Fournier, C. Bopp, R. F. Breiman, G. B. Nair, and E. D. Mintz. 2006. Evaluation of three rapid diagnostic tests for cholera: does the skill level of the technician matter? Trop. Med. Int. Health 11: 49-55.
111.   Khan A. I., K. A. Talukder, S. Huq, D. Mondal, M. A. Malek, D. K. Dutta, G. B. Nair, and A. S. G. Faruque. 2006. Detection of intra-familial transmission of Shigella infection using conventional serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Epidemiol. Infect. 134:605-611.
112.   Lee, J. H., K. H. Han, S. Y. Choi, M. E. S. Lucas, C. Mondlane, M. Ansaruzzaman, G. B. Nair, D. A. Sack, L. V. Seidlein, J. D. Clemens, M. Song, J. Chun, The Mozambique Cholera Vaccine Demonstration Project Coordination Group, and D.W. Kim. 2006. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor isolates from Mozambique that harbour the classical CTX prophage. J. Med. Microbiol. 55:165-170.
113.   Mahmud, Z. H., A. Kassu, A. Mohammad, M. Yamato, N. A. Bhuiyan, G. B. Nair, and F. Ota. 2006. Isolation and molecular characterization of toxigenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus from the Kii channel, Japan. Microbiological Res. 161:25-37.
114.   Maiti, D., B. Das, A. Saha, R. K. Nandy, G. B. Nair, and R. K. Bhadra. 2006. Genetic organization of pre-CTX and CTX prophages in the genome of an environmental Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 strain. Microbiology 152: 3633-3641.
115.   Mwansa, J. C. L., J. Mwaba, C. Lukwesa, N. A. Bhuiyan, M. Ansaruzamman, T. Ramamurthy, M. Alam, and G. B. Nair. 2006. Multiply antibiotic resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor strains emerge during cholera outbreaks in Zambia. Epidemiol. Infect. 23:1-7.
116.   Nair, G. B., A. Safa, N. A. Bhuiyan, S. Nusrin, D. Murphy, C. Nicol, M. Valcanis, S. Iddings, I. Kubuabola,  and H. Vally. 2006. Isolation of Vibrio cholerae O1 strains similar to pre-seventh pandemic El Tor strains  during an outbreak of gastrointestinal disease in an island resort in Fiji. J. Med. Microbiol. 55:1559-1562.
117.   Nair, G. B., F. Qadri, J. Holmgren, A. M. Svennerholm, A. Safa, N. A. Bhuiyan, Q. S. Ahmed, A. S. G. Faruque. Y. Takeda, and D.A. Sack. 2006. Cholera due to altered El Tor strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 in Bangladesh. J. Clin. Microbiol. 44:4211-4213.
118.   Rahman M, A. K. Siddique, S. Shoma, H. Rashid, M. A. Salam, Q. S. Ahmed, G. B. Nair, and R. F. Breiman. 2006. Emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi with decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility in Bangladesh. Epidemiol. Infect.134: 433-438.
119.   Rahman, M., N. A. Bhuiyan, I. Khun, T. Ramamurthy, M. Rahman, R. Mollby, and G. B. Nair. 2006. Biochemical fingerprinting of Vibrio parahaemolyticus by the PhenePlate system: comparison between pandemic and non-pandemic serotypes. Epidemiol. Infect. 134: 985-989.
120.   Safa, A., N. A. Bhuiyan, S. Nusrin, M. Ansaruzzaman, M. Alam, T. Hamabata, Y. Takeda, D. A. Sack, and G. B. Nair. 2006. Genetic characteristics of Matlab variants of Vibrio cholerae O1 that are hybrids between classical and El Tor biotypes. J. Med. Microbiol. 55:1563-1569.
121.   Shi, L., K. Fujihara, T. Sato, H. Ito, P. Garg, R. Chakrabarty, T. Ramamurthy, G. B. Nair, Y. Takeda, and S. Yamasaki. 2006. Distribution and characterization of integrons in various serogroups of Vibrio cholerae strains isolated from diarrhoeal patients between 1992 and 2000 in Kolkata, India. J. Med. Microbiol. 55:575-583.
122.   Talukder, K. A., B. K. Khajanchi, M. A. Islam, D. K. Dutta, Z. Islam, S. I. Khan, G. B. Nair, and D. A. Sack. 2006. The emerging strains of Shigella dysenteriae type 2 in Bangladesh are clonal. Epidemiol. Infect. 134:1249-1256.
123.   Talukder, K. A., B. K. Khajanchi, M. A. Islam, Z. Islam, D. K. Dutta, M. Rahman, H. Watanabe, G. B. Nair, and D. A. Sack. 2006. Fluoroquinolone resistance linked to both gyrA and parC mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of Shigella dysenteriae type 1. Curr. Microbiol. 52:108-111.
124.   Talukder, K. A., Z. Islam, D. K.Dutta, M. A. Islam, B. K. Khajanchi, I. J. Azmi, M. S. Iqbal, M. A. Hossain, A. S. G. Faruque, G. B. Nair, and D. A. Sack. 2006. Antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity of Shigella sonnei isolated from patients with diarrhea between 1999 and 2003 in Bangladesh. J. Med. Microbiol. 55:1257-1263.
125.   von Seidlein, L., D. R. Kim, M. Ali, H. Lee, X. Y. Wang, V. D. Thiem, D. G. Canh, W. Chaicumpa, M. D. Agtini, A. Hossain, Z. A. Bhutta, C. Mason, O. Sethabutr, K. Talukder, G. B. Nair, J. L. Deen, K. Kotloff, and J. Clemens. 2006. A multicentre study of Shigella diarrhea in six Asian countries: disease burden, clinical manifestations and microbiology. PLoS Med. 3: 1556-1569.
126.   Wang X. Y, M. Ansaruzzaman, R. Vaz, C. Mondlane, M. E. S. Lucas, L. von Seidlein, J. L. Deen, S. Ampuero, M. Puri, T. Park, G. B. Nair, J. D. Clemens, C. L. Chaignat, M. Rajerison, F. Nato, and J. M. Fournier. 2006. Field evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic dipstick test for the diagnosis of cholera in a high-risk population. BMC Infect. Dis. 6:17.
[2005]
127. Akter, J., S. C. Das, T. Ramamurthy, H. Ashraf, D. Saha, A. S. G. Faruque, G. B. Nair, and M. A. Salam. 2005. Prevalence and characteristics of Escherichia coli isolates harbouring Shiga toxin genes (stx) from acute diarrhoeal patients in Dhaka, Bangladesh. J. Trop. Med. Health 33:119-126.
128. Albert, M. J., and G. B. Nair. 2005. Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal: 10 years on. Rev. Med. Microbiol. 16:135-143.
129. Ansaruzzaman, M., M. Lucas, J. L. Deen, N. A. Bhuiyan, X. Y. Wang, A. Safa, M. Sultana, A. Chowdhury, G. B. Nair, D. A. Sack, L. Seidlein, M. K. Puri, M. Ali, C. L. Chaignat, J. D. Clemens, and A. Barreto. 2005.  Pandemic serovars (O3:K6 and O4:K68) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus associated with diarrhoea in Mozambique: spread of the pandemic into the African continent. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43:2559-2562.
130. Ansaruzzaman, M., M. Sultana, K. A. Talukder, K. Alam, S. Matsushita, A. Safa, B. K. Khajanchi, D. K. Dutta, Z. Islam, M. J. Albert, G. B. Nair, and D. A. Sack. 2005. Isolation and characterization of provisional serovar Shigella boydii E16553 from diarrhoeal patients in Bangladesh. J. Med. Microbiol. 54:477-480.
131.   Begum, Y. A., K. A. Talukder, G. B. Nair, F. Qadri, R. B. Sack, and A. M. Svennerholm. 2005. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from surface water samples in urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43:3582-3583.
132.   Brooks, W. A., A. Hossain, D. Goswami, A. T. Sharmeen, K. Nahar, K. Alam, N. Ahmed, A. Naheed, G. B. Nair, S. Luby, and R. F. Breiman. 2005. Bacteremic typhoid fever in children in an urban slum, Bangladesh. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 11: 326-329.
133.   Chakraborty, R., S. Chakraborty, K. De, S. Sinha, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, J. Khanam, T. Ramamurthy, Y. Takeda, S. K. Bhattacharya, and G. B. Nair. 2005. Cytotoxic and cell vacuolating activity of Vibrio fluvialis isolated from paediatric patients with diarrhoea. J. Med. Microbiol. 54:707-716.
134.   Das, S. C., A. Khan, P. Panja, S. Datta, A. Sikdar, S. Yamasaki, Y. Takeda, S. K. Bhattacharya, T. Ramamurthy, and G. B. Nair. 2005. Dairy farm investigation on Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in Kolkata, India with emphasis on molecular characterization. Epidemiol. Infect. 133: 617-626.
135. Datta, S., S. Chattopadhyay, A. Chowdhury, A. Santra, D. R. Saha, T. Ramamurthy, S. K. Bhattacharya, D. E. Berg, G. B. Nair, and A. K. Mukhopadhyay. 2005. Diagnosis and genotyping of Helicobacter pylori by polymerase chain reaction of bacterial DNA from gastric juice. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 20:1253-1259.
136.   Datta, S., S. Chattopadhyay, R. Patra, R. De, T. Ramamurthy, J. Hembram, A. Chowdhury, S. K. Bhattacharya, D. E. Berg, G. B. Nair, and A. K. Mukhopadhyay. 2005. Most Helicobacter pylori strains of Kolkata in India are resistant to metronidazole but susceptible to other drugs commonly used for eradication and ulcer therapy. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 22:51-57.
137.   Dutta S, Y. Kawamura, T. Ezaki, G. B. Nair, K-I. Iida, and S-I. Yoshida. 2005.  Alteration in the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase and the ParC subunit of topoisomerase IV in quinolone-resistant Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 clinical isolates from Kolkata, India (letter). Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49:1660-1661.
138.   Faruque, S. M., I. B. Naser, M. J. Islam, A. S. G. Faruque, A. N. Ghosh, G.  B. Nair, D. A. Sack, and J. J. Mekalanos. 2005. Seasonal epidemics of cholera inversely correlate with the prevalence of environmental cholera phages. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102:1702-1707.
139.   Faruque, S. M., M. J. Islam, Q. S. Ahmad, A. S. G. Faruque, D. A. Sack, G. B. Nair, and J. J. Mekalanos. 2005. Self-limiting nature of seasonal cholera epidemics: role of host-mediated amplification of phage. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102:6119-6124.
140.   Huq, A., R. B. Sack, A. Nizam, I. M. Longini, G. B. Nair, A. Ali, J. G. Morris, Jr., M. N. H. Khan, A. K. Siddique, M. Yunus, M. J. Albert, D. A. Sack, and R. R. Colwell. 2005. Critical factors influencing the occurrence of Vibrio cholerae in the environment of Bangladesh. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 4645-4654.
141.   Islam, M. S., M. Z. Rahman, S. I. Khan, Z. H. Mahmud, T. Ramamurthy, G. B. Nair, R. B. Sack, and D. A. Sack. 2005. Organization of the CTX prophage in environmental isolates of Vibrio mimicus. Microbiol. Immunol. 49:779-784.
142.   Larocque, R. C., J. B. Harris, M. Dziejman, X.  Li, A. I. Khan, A. S. Faruque, S. M. Faruque, G. B. Nair, E. T. Ryan, F. Qadri, J. J.  Mekalanos, and S. B. Calderwood. 2005.  Transcriptional profiling of Vibrio cholerae recovered directly from patient specimens during early and late stages of human infection. Infect. Immun. 73:4488-4493.
143.   Nair, G. B., and B. Holmes. 2005.  International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Vibrionaceae.  Minutes of the Meetings, 31 July 2002, Paris, France. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 55, 539-542.
144.   Nair, G. B., and J. C. Hormazabal O. 2005. The Vibrio parahaemolyticus pandemic (Editorial). Rev. Chil. Infect. 22: 125-130.
145.   Qadri, F., A. I. Khan, A. S. G. Faruque, Y. A. Begum, F. Chowdhury. G. B. Nair, M. A. Salam, D. A. Sack, and A. M. Svennerholm. 2005. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae diarrhea, Bangladesh, 2004. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 11:1104-1107.
146.   Qadri, F., A-M. Svennerholm, S. Shamsuzzaman, T. R. Bhuiyan, J. B. Harris, A. N. Ghosh, G. B. Nair, A. Weintraub, S. M. Faruque, E. T. Ryan, D. A. Sack, and S. B. Calderwood. 2005. Reduction in capsular content and enhanced bacterial susceptibility to serum killing of Vibrio cholerae O139 associated with the 2002 cholera epidemic in Bangladesh. Infect. Immun. 73: 6577-6583.
147.   Safa, A., N. A. Bhuiyan, M. Alam, D. A. Sack, and G. B. Nair. 2005. Genomic relatedness of the new Matlab variants of Vibrio cholerae O1 to the Classical and El Tor biotypes as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43: 1401-1404.
148.   Talukder, K. A., B. K. Khajanchi, D. K. Datta, Z. Islam, M. A. Islam, M. S. Iqbal, G. B. Nair, and D. A. Sack. 2005. An unusual cluster of dysentery due to Shigella dysenteriae type 4 in Dhaka, Bangladesh (letter). J. Med. Microbiol. 54: 511-513.
[2004]
149. Ansaruzzaman, M., N. A. Bhuiyan, G. B. Nair, D. A. Sack, M. Lucas, J. L. Deen, J. Ampuero, Claire-Lise Chaignat, and The Mozambique Cholera Vaccine Demonstration Project Coordination Group. 2004. Cholera in Mozambique, variant of Vibrio cholerae. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 10:2057-2059.
150. Chattopadhyay, S., R. Patra, T. Ramamurthy, A. Chowdhury, A. Santra, G. K. Dhali, S. K. Bhattacharya, D. E. Berg, G. B. Nair, and A. K. Mukhopadhyay. 2004. Multiplex PCR assay for rapid detection and genotyping of Helicobacter pylori directly from biopsy specimens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42: 2821-2824.
151. De, K., T. Ramamurthy, S. M. Faruque, S. Yamasaki, Y. Takeda, G. B. Nair, and R. K.  Nandy. 2004. Molecular characterization of rough strains of Vibrio cholerae isolated from diarrhoeal cases in India and their comparison to smooth strains. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 232:23-30.
152. Dutta, S., K. Iida, A. Takade, Y. Meno, G. B. Nair, and S. Yoshida. 2004. Release of shiga toxin by membrane vesicles in Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 strains and in vitro effects of antimicrobials on toxin production and release (note). Microbiol. Immunol. 48:965-969.
153. Faruque, S. M., G. B. Nair, and J. J. Mekalanos. 2004. Genetics of stress adaptation and virulence in toxigenic Vibrio cholerae. DNA Cell Biol. 23:723-741.
154. Faruque, S. M., N. Chowdhury, M. Kamruzzaman, M. Dziejman, M. H. Rahman, D. A. Sack, G. B. Nair, and J. J. Mekalanos. 2004. Genetic diversity and virulence potential of environmental Vibrio cholerae population in a cholera-endemic area. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101:2123-2128.
155. Islam, M. S., K. A. Talukder, N. H. Khan, Z. H. Mahmud, M. S. Rahman, G. B. Nair, A. K. M. Siddique, M. Yunus, D. A. Sack, R. B. Sack, A. Huq, and R. R. Colwell. 2004. Variation of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 in the aquatic environment of Bangladesh and its correlation with the clinical strains. Microbiol. Immunol. 48:773-777.
156. Islam, M. S., M. S. Kabir, S. I. Khan, M. Ekramullah, G. B. Nair, R. B. Sack, and D. A. Sack. 2004. Wastewater-grown duckweed may be safely used as fish feed. Can. J. Microbiol. 50: 51-56.
157.   Islam, M. S., R. Tasmin, S. I. Khan, H. B. M. Bakht, Z. H. Mahmood, M. Z. Rahman, N. A. Bhuiyan, M. Nishibuchi, G. B. Nair, R. B. Sack, A. Huq, R. R. Colwell, and D. A. Sack. 2004. Pandemic strains of O3:K6 Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the aquatic environment of Bangladesh. Can. J. Microbiol. 50:827-834.
158.   Nahar, S., A. K. Mukhopadhyay, R. Khan, M. M. Ahmad, S. Datta, S. Chattopadhyay, S. C. Dhar, S. A. Sarker, L. Engstrand, D. E. Berg, G. B. Nair, and M. Rahman. 2004. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated in Bangladesh. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42:4856-4858.
159.   Naheed, A., P. Kalluri, K. A. Talukder, A. S. G. Faruque, F. Khatun, G. B. Nair, E. D. Mintz, and R. F. Breiman. 2004. Fluoroquinolone-resistant Shigella dysenteriae type 1 in northeastern Bangladesh. Lancet Infect. Dis. 4:607-608.
160.   Nusrin, S., G. Y. Khan, N. A. Bhuiyan, M. Ansaruzzaman, M. A. Hossain, A. Safa, R. Khan, S. M. Faruque, D. A. Sack, T. Hamabata, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 2004. Diverse CTX phages among toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 strains isolated between 1994 and 2002 in an area where cholera is endemic in Bangladesh. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42:5854-5856.
161.   Panutdaporn, N., M. Chongsa-nguan, G. B. Nair, T. Ramamurthy, S. Yamasaki, U. Chaisri, P. Tongtawe, B. Eampokalarp, P. Tapchaisri, Y. Sakolvaree, H. Kurzaono, W. B. Thein, H. Hayashi, Y. Takeda, and W. Chaicumpa. 2004. Genotypes and phenotypes of Shiga toxin producing-Escherichia coli isolated from healthy cattle in Thailand. J. Infect. 48:149-160.
162.   Rahman, M., S. Shoma, H. Rashid, A. K. Siddique, G. B. Nair, and D. A. Sack. 2004. Extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-mediated third-generation cephalosporins resistance in Shigella isolates in Bangladesh. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 54: 846-847.
163.   Rijpkema, S. G., Z. Durrani, T. Ramamurthy, and G. B. Nair. 2004. Assessing clonality of Vibrio cholerae Inaba isolates by characterization of nonsense mutations in wbeT. J. Med. Microbiol. 53: 1105-1107.
164.   Roy Chowdhury, N., O. C. Stine, J. G. Morris, and G. B. Nair. 2004. Assessment of evolution of pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus by multilocus sequence typing. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42:1280-1282.
165.   Sack, D. A., R. B. Sack, G. B. Nair, and A. K. Siddique. 2004. Cholera. Lancet 363:223-233.
166.   Sarkar, S. A., S. Nahar, M. Rahman, P.K. Bardhan, G. B. Nair, C. Beglinger, and N. Gyr. 2004. High prevalence of cagA and vacA seropositivity in asymptomatic Bangladeshi children with Helicobacter pylori infection. Acta Paediatr. 93:1432-1436.
167.   Sinha, S., S. Chattopadhyay, S. K. Bhattacharya, G. B. Nair, and T. Ramamurthy.  2004. An unusually high level of quinolone resistance associated with type II topoisomerase mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions of Aeromonas caviae isolated from diarrhoeal patients. Res. Microbiol. 155:827-829.
168.   Sinha, S., T. Shimada, T. Ramamurthy, S. K. Bhattacharya, S. Yamasaki, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 2004. Prevalence, serotype distribution, antibiotic susceptibility and genetic profiles of mesophilic Aeromonas species isolated from hospitalized diarrhoeal cases in Kolkata, India. J. Med. Microbiol. 53: 527-534.
169.   Talukder, K. A., B. K. Khajanchi, M. A. Islam, D. K. Dutta, Z. Islam, A. Safa, G.Y. Khan, K. Alam, M. A. Hossain, S. Malla, S. K. Niyogi, M. Rahman, H. Watanabe, G. B. Nair, and D. A. Sack. 2004. Genetic relatedness of ciprofloxacin-resistant Shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains isolated in south Asia. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 54:730-734.
170.   Unni, B.G. and G. B. Nair. 2004. Biographical memoir on Prof. Mukkattu Ramachandra Das. Biographical Memoirs. Indian Sci. Acad., Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi. 187-205.  
[2003]
171. Alam, K., M. A. Hossain, N. Islam, S. K. Sen, G. C. Sur, K. A. Talukder, G. B. Nair, and D. A. Sack. 2003. Enhanced isolation of Shigella species by extended incubation of primary isolation plates. J. Health Popul. Nutr. 21:396-397.
172.   Amita, S. Roy Chowdhury, M. Thungapathra, T. Ramamurthy, G. B. Nair, and A. Ghosh. 2003. Class I integrons and SXT elements in El Tor strains isolated before and after 1992 Vibrio cholerae O139 outbreak, Calcutta, India. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 9: 500-502.
173.   Bhattacharya, S. K., K. Sarkar, G. B. Nair, A. S. G. Faruque, and D. A. Sack. 2003. A regional alert of multidrug-resistant Shigella dysenteriae type 1 in south Asia. Lancet Infec. Dis. 3: 751.
174.   Bhuiyan, N. A., F. Qadri, A. S. G. Faruque, M. A. Malek, M. A. Salem, F. Nato, J. M. Fournier, S. Chanteau, D. A. Sack, and G. B. Nair. 2003. Use of dipsticks for rapid diagnosis of cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 from rectal swabs. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 3939-3941.
175.   Chaudhuri, S., A. Chowdhury, S. Datta. A. K. Mukhopadhyay, S. Chattopadhya, D. R. Saha, G. Dhali, A. Santra, G. B. Nair, S. Bhattacharya, and D. E. Berg. 2003. Anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy in India: Differences in eradication efficiency associated with particular alleles of vacuolating cytotoxin (vacA) gene. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 18: 190-195.
176.   Colwell, R. R., A. Huq, M. S. Islam, K. M. A. Aziz, M. Yunus, N. H. Khan, A. Mahmud, R. B. Sack, G. B. Nair, J. Chakraborty, D. A. Sack, and E. Russek-Cohen. 2003. Reduction of cholera in Bangladesh villages by simple filtration. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100:1051-1055.
177.   Datta, S., A. Khan, R. K. Nandy, M. Rahman, S. Sinha, S. Chattopadhyay, S. C. Das, and G. B. Nair. 2003. Environmental isolates of Aeromonas spp. harboring the cagA-like gene of Helicobacter pylori. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 4291-4295.
178.   Datta. S., S. Chattopadhyay, G. B. Nair, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, J. Hembram, D. E. Berg, D. R. Saha, A. Khan, A. Santra, S. K. Bhattacharya, and A. Chowdhury. 2003. Virulence genes and neutral DNA markers of Helicobacter pylori isolates from different ethnic communities of West Bengal, India. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 3737-3743.
179.   Dutta, S., A. Ghosh, K. Ghosh, D. Dutta, S. K. Bhattacharya, G. B. Nair, and S. I. Yoshida. 2003. Newly emerged multiple-antibiotic-resistant Shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains in and around Kolkata, India, are clonal. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41:5833-5834.
180.   Faruque, S. M., D. A. Sack, R. B. Sack, R. R. Colwell, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 2003. Emergence and evolution of Vibrio cholerae O139. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100: 1304-1309.
181.   Faruque, S. M., M. Kamruzzaman, Asadulghani, D. A. Sack, J. J. Mekalanos, and G. B. Nair. 2003. CTXf-independent production of the RS1 satellite phage by Vibrio cholerae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100: 1280-1285.
182.   Faruque, S. M., M. Mamurzzaman, I. M. Meraj, N. Chowdhury, G. B. Nair, R. B. Sack, R. R. Colwell, and D. A. Sack. 2003. Pathogenic potential of environmental Vibrio cholerae strains carrying genetic variants of the Toxin-Coregulated Pilus pathogenicity island. Infect. Immun. 71: 1020-1025.
183.   Faruque, S. M., N. Chowdhury, M. Kamruzzaman, Q. S. Ahmad, A. S. G. Faruque, M. A. Salam, T. Ramamurthy, G. B. Nair, A. Weintraub, and D. A. Sack. 2003. Reemergence of epidemic Vibrio cholerae O139 in Bangladesh.  Emerg. Infect. Dis. 9; 1116-1121.
184.   Faruque, S. M., N. Chowdhury, R. Khan, M. R. Hasan, J. Nahar, M. J. Islam, S. Yamasaki, A. N. Ghosh, G. B. Nair and D. Sack. 2003. Shigella dysenteriae type 1-specific bacteriophage from environmental waters in Bangladesh. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:7028-7031.
185.   Garg, P., A. Aydanian, D. Smith, J. G. Morris Jr, G. B. Nair, and O. C. Stine. 2003. Molecular epidemiology of O139 Vibrio cholerae: mutation, lateral gene transfer and founder flush. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 9:810-814.
186.   Khan, A., R. K. Nandi, S. C. Das, T. Ramamurthy, J. Khanam, T. Shimizu, S. Yamasaki, S. K. Bhattacharya, W. Chaicumpa, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 2003. Environmental isolates of Citrobacter braakii that agglutinate with Escherichia coli O157 antiserum but do not possess the genes responsible for the biosynthesis of O157 somatic antigen. Epidemiol. Infect. 130: 179-186.
187.   Khan, A., S. Datta, S. C. Das, T. Ramamurthy, J. Khanam, Y. Takeda, S. K. Bhattacharya, and G. B. Nair. 2003. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infection: current progress & future challenges. Indian J. Med. Res. 118: 1-24.
188.   Kurazono, H., M. Nakano, S. Yamamoto, O. Ogawa, K. Yuri, K. Nakata, M.
Kimura, S.-I. Makino, and G. B. Nair. 2003. Distribution of the usp gene in uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from companion animals and correlation with serotypes and size-variations of the pathogenecity island. Microbiol. Immunol., 47:797-802.
189.   Nato, F., A. Boutonnier, M. Rajerison, P. Grosjean, S. Dartevelle, A. Guenole, N. A. Bhuiyan, D. A. Sack, G. B. Nair, J. M. Fournier, and S. Chanteau. 2003. One-step immunochromatographic dipstick tests for rapid detection of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 in stool samples. Clin. Diag. Lab. Immunol. 10:476-478.
190.   Pandey, M., A. Khan, S. C. Das, B.Sarkar, S. Kahali, S. Chakraborty, S. Chattopadhyay, S. Yamasaki, S., Takeda, Y., G. B. Nair, and T. Ramamurthy. 2003. Association of cytolethal distending toxin locus cdtB with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from acute diarrhea patients in Calcutta, India. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41:5277-5281.
191.   Qadri, F., M. S. Alam, M. Nishibuchi, T. Rahman, N. H. Alam, J. Chisti, S. Kondo, J. Sugiyama, N. A. Bhuiyan, M. M. Mathan, D. A. Sack, and G. B. Nair. 2003. Adaptive and inflammatory immune responses in patients infected with strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. J. Infect. Dis. 187:1085-1096.
192.   Rahman, M., A. K. Mukhopadhyay, S. Nahar, S. Datta, M. M. Ahmed, S. Sarker, I. M. Masud, L. Engstrand, M. J. Albert, G. B. Nair, and D. E. Berg. 2003. DNA-level characterization of Helicobacter pylori strains from patients with overt disease and with benign infections in Bangladesh. J. Clin. Microbiol.  41: 2008-2014.
193.   Ramamurthy, T., S. Yamasaki, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 2003. Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal: odyssey of a fortuitous variant. Microbes Infect. 5: 329-344.
194.   Sack, R. B., A. K. Siddique, I. M. Longini Jr, A. Nizam, M. Yunus, M. S. Islam, J.G. Morris Jr, A. Ali, A. Huq, G. B. Nair, F. Qadri, S. M. Faruque, D. Sack, and R. R. Colwell. 2003. A four year study of the epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae in four rural areas of Bangladesh. J. Infect. Dis. 187: 96-101.
195.   Sarkar, B., N. R. Chowdhury, G. B. Nair, M. Nishibuchi, S. Yamasaki, Y. Takeda, S.K. Gupta, S. K. Bhattacharya, and T. Ramamurthy. 2003. Molecular characteriziation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus of similar serovars isolated from sewage and clinical cases of diarrhoea in Calcutta, India.  World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 19:771-776.  
196.   Sur, D., S. K. Niyogi, S. Sur, K.K. Datta, Y. Takeda, G. B. Nair, and S. K. Bhattacharya. 2003.  Multi-drug resistant Shigella dysenteriae type 1: forerunners of a new epidemic strain in Eastern India? Emerg. Infect. Dis. 9: 404-405.
197.   Talukder, K. A.,  Z. Islam, M. A. Islam, D. K. Dutta, A. Safa, M. Ansaruzzaman, A. S. G. Faruque, S. N. Shahed,  G. B. Nair,  and D. A. Sack. 2003. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of provisional serotype Shigella flexneri 1c and clonal relationships with 1a and 1b strains isolated in Bangladesh. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 110-117.
198.   Talukder, K. A., M. A. Islam, B. K. Khajanchi, D. K. Dutta, Z. Islam, A. Safa, K. Alam, A. Hossain, G. B. Nair, and D. A. Sack. 2003. Temporal shifts in the dominance of serotypes of Shigella dysenteriae from 1999 to 2002 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41:5053-5058.
199.   Uma, G., M. Chandrasekaran, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 2003.  Recent advances in cholera genetics. Curr. Sci.  85:101-108.  
[2002]
200. Baranwal, S. K. Dey, T. Ramamurthy, G. B. Nair, and M. Kundu. 2002. Role of active efflux in association with target gene mutations in fluroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46:2677-2678.
201. Bergstrom N, G. B. Nair, A. Weintraub, and P. E. Jansson. 2002. Structure of the O-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide from Vibrio cholerae O6. Carbohydr. Res. 337:813-817.
202. Bhuiyan, N. A., M. Ansaruzzaman, M. Kamruzzaman, K. Alam, N. R. Chowdhury, M. Nishibuchi, S. M. Faruque, D. A. Sack, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 2002. Prevalence of the pandemic genotype of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and significance of its distribution across different serotypes. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 284-286.
203. Chattopadhyay, S., S. Datta, A. Chowdhury, S. Chowdhury, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, K. Rajendran, S. K. Bhattacharya, D. E. Berg, and G. B. Nair. 2002.  Virulence genes in Helicobacter pylori strains from West Bengal residents with overt H. pylori-associated disease and heathy volunteers. J. Clin. Microbiol.  40:2622-2625.
204. Chhotray, G. P., B. B. Pal, H. K. Khuntia., N. R. Chowdhury, S. Chakraborty, S. Yamasaki, T. Ramamurthy, Y. Takeda, S. K. Bhattacharya, and G. B. Nair. 2002. Incidence and molecular analysis of  Vibrio cholerae associated with cholera outbreak subsquent to the super cyclone in Orissa, India. Epidemiol. Infect. 128: 131-138.
205. Chowdhury, A., D. E. Berg, J-Y. Jeong, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, and G. B. Nair. 2002. Metronidazole resistance in Helicobacter pylori: magnitude, mechanism and implication for India. Indian J. Gasterenterol. 21:23-28.
206.   Datta, S., A. Chowdhury, A. K. Mukhopadhyaya, S. K. Bhattacharya, D. E. Berg, and G. B. Nair. 2002. Molecular and evolutionary genetics and drug resistance of the gastric pathogen, Helicobacter pylori. Indian J. Med. Res. 115:73-101.
207.   Dutta, S., K. Rajendran, S. Roy, A. Chatterjee, P. Dutta, G. B. Nair, S. K. Bhattacharya, and S.I. Yoshida. 2002. Shifting serotypes, plasmid profile analysis and antimicrobial resistance pattern of shigellae strains isolated from Kolkata, India during 1995-2000. Epidemiol. Infect. 129:235-243.
208.   Faruque, S. M., and G. B. Nair. 2002. Molecular ecology of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae. Microbiol. Immunol.  46: 59-66.
209.   Faruque, S. M., Asadulghani, M. Kamruzzaman, R. K. Nandi, A. N. Ghosh, G. B. Nair, J. J. Mekalanos, and D. A. Sack. 2002. RS1 element of Vibrio cholerae can propagate horizontally as a filamentous phage exploiting the morphogenesis genes of CTXf. Infect. Immun. 70: 163-170.
210.   Faruque, S. M., R. Khan, M. Kamruzzaman, S. Yamasaki. Q. S. Ahmad, T. Azim, G. B. Nair, Y. Takeda, and D. A. Sack. 2002. Isolation of Shigella dysenteriae Type 1 and S. flexneri strains from surface waters in Bangladesh: comparative molecular analysis of environmental Shigella isolates versus clinical strains. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68: 3908-3913.
211.   Karasawa, T., H. Ito, T. Tsukamoto, S. Yamasaki, H. Kurazono, S. M. Faruque, G. B. Nair, M. Nishibuchi, and Y. Takeda. 2002. Cloning and characterization of genes encoding homologues of the B-subunit of cholera toxin and the Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin from clinical isolates of Citrobacter freundii and E. coli. Infect. Immun. 70:7153-7155.
212.   Khan, A., S. Yamasaki, T. Sato, T. Ramamurthy, A. Pal, S. Datta, N. Roy Chowdhury, S. C.  Das, A. Sikdar, T. Tsukamoto, S. K. Bhattacharya, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 2002. Prevalence and genetic profiling of virulence determinants of Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from cattle, beef and humans Calcutta, India. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 8: 54-62.
213.   Khan, A., S. C. Das, T. Ramamurthy, A. Sikdar, J. Khanam, S. Yamasaki, T. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 2002. Antibiotic resistance, virulence genes and molecular profiles of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolates from diverse sources in Calcutta, India. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40:2009-2015.
214.   Nair, G. B., and B. Holmes. 2002. Minutes of the meetings, 17 August, 1999, Sydney, Australia. Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Vibrionaceae. International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 53: 2331-2333.  
215. Nair, G. B., S. M. Faruque, N. A. Bhuiyan, M. Kamruzzaman, A. K. Siddique, and D. A. Sack. 2002. New variants of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor with attributes of the classical biotype from hospitalized patients with acute diarrhea in Bangladesh. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 3296-3299.
216.   Sarkar, A., R. K. Nandy, G. B. Nair, and A. C. Ghose. 2002. Vibrio pathogenicity island and cholera toxin genetic element-associated virulence genes and their expresssion in Non-O1 Non-O139 strains of Vibrio cholerae. Infect. Immun. 70:4735-4742.
217.   Sarkar, B., T. Bhattacharya, T. Ramamurthy, T. Shimada, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 2002. Preferential association of the heat-stable enterotoxin gene (stn) with environmental strains of Vibrio cholerae belonging to the O14 serogroup. Epidemiol. Infect. 129: 245-251.
218.   Sinha, S., R. Chakraborty, K. De, A. Khan, S. Datta, T. Ramamurthy, S. K. Bhattacharya, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 2002. Escalating association of Vibrio cholerae O139 with cholera outbreaks in India. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40:2635-2637.
219.   Talukder, K. A., M. A. Islam, D. K. Dutta, F. Hassan, A. Safa, G. B. Nair, and D. A. Sack. 2002. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of serologically atypical strains of Shigella flexneri type 4 isolated in Dhaka, Bangladesh. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 2490-2497.
220.   Thungapathra, M., Amita, K. K. Sinha, S. Ray Chaudhuri, P. Garg, T. Ramamurthy, G. B. Nair, and A. Ghosh. 2002. Occurrence of antibiotic resistance gene cassettes aac(6')-Ib, dfrA5, dfrA12, and ereA2 in Class I Integrons in Non-O1, Non-O139 Vibrio cholerae strains in India. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46 2948-2955.
[2001]
221. Chakraborty, S., J. S. Deokule, P. Garg, S. K. Bhattacharya, R. K. Nandy, G. B. Nair, S. Yamasaki, Y. Takeda, and T. Ramamurthy. 2001. Concomitant infection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in an outbreak of cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 in Ahmedabad, India. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39:3241-6
222. Chakraborty, S., P. Garg, T. Ramamurthy, M. Thungapathra, J. K. Gautam, C. Kumar, S. Maiti, S. Yamasaki, T. Shimada, Y. Takeda, A. Ghosh, and G. B. Nair. 2001. Comparison of antibiogram, virulence genes, ribotypes and DNA fingerprints of Vibrio cholerae of matching serogroups isolated from hospitalized diarrhoea cases and from the environment during 1997-1998 in Calcutta, India. J. Med. Microbiol. 50: 879-888.
223. Datta, S., H. Kurazono, S. Chattopadhyay, A. Chowdhury, S. Chaudhuri, S. K. Bhattacharya, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, D. E. Berg, T. Hirayama, and G. B. Nair. 2001. Estimation of vacuolating cytotoxin secreted by different strains of Helicobacter pylori using bead enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay and its correlation with bacterial genotype. Indian J. Med. Res. 114:192-198.
224. De, K., T. Ramamurthy, A. C. Ghose, M. S. Islam, Y. Takeda, G. B. Nair, and R. K. Nandy. 2001. Modification of the multiplex PCR for unambiguous differentiation of the El Tor and Classical biotypes of Vibrio cholerae O1. Indian J. Med. Res. 114:77-82.
225. Faruque, S. M., M. M. Rahman, A. K. M. Mahbub Hasan, G. B. Nair, J. J. Mekalanos, and D. A. Sack. 2001. Diminished diarrheal response to Vibrio cholerae strains carrying the replicative form of the CTXf genome instead of CTXf lysogens in adult rabbits. Infect. Immun. 69:6084-90.
226. Garg, P., S. Sinha, R. Chakraborty, S. K. Bhattacharya, G. B. Nair, T. Ramamurthy, and Y. Takeda. 2001. Emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor among hospitalized patients with cholera in Calcutta, India. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45:1605-1606.
227. Hoque, K. M., A. Pal, G. B. Nair, S. Chattpadhyay, and M. K. Chakraborti. 2001. Evidence of calcium influx across the plasma membrane depends upon the initial rise of cytosolic calcium with activation of IP3 in rat enterocytes by heat-stable enterotoxin of Vibrio cholerae non-O1. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 196: 45-50.
228.   Mitra, R. K., R. K. Nandy, T. Ramamurthy, S. K. Bhattacharya, S. Yamasaki, T. Shimada, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 2001. Molecular characterization of rough variants of Vibrio cholerae isolated from hospitalized patients with diarrhoea. J. Med. Microbiol. 50: 268-276.
229.   Mukhopadhyay, A. K., S. Chakraborty, Y. Takeda, G. B. Nair, and D. E. Berg. 2001. Characterization of VPI pathogenecity island and CTXΦ prophage in environmental strains of Vibrio cholerae. J. Bacteriol. 183: 4737-4746.
230.   Nair, G. B. 2001. Molecular tracking of enteric pathogens. J. Assam Sci. Soc. 42: 1-5.  
231.   Nair, G. B., A. K. Mukhopadhyay, S. Chakraborty, T. Shimada, Y. Takeda and D. E. Berg. 2001. Molecular ecology and evolution of Vibrio cholerae: virulence-associated genes in environmental strains. Jap. J. Bacteriol. 56: 76.  
232.   Nakano, M., S. Yamamoto, A. Terai, O. Ogawa, S. Makino, H. Hayashi, G. B. Nair, and H. Kurazono. 2001. Structural and sequence diversity of the pathogenicity island of uropathogenic Escherichia coli which encodes the USP protein. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 205: 71-76.
233.   Pal A, K. M. Hoque, S. K. Niyogi, T. Ramamurthy, G. B. Nair, S. K. Bhattacharya, and M. K. Chakrabarti. 2001. Rise in free intracellular calcium in HeLa cells infected with aggregative Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from cases of diarrhoea. Indian J. Med. Res. 113:1-4.
234.   Sinha, S., P. Chowdhury, N. R. Chowdhury, M. Kamruzzaman, S. M. Faruque, T. Ramamurthy, S. K. Bhattacharya, S. Yamasaki, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 2001. Molecular comparison of toxigenic clinical & non-toxigenic environmental strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa isolated during an outbreak of cholera in South India. Indian J. Med. Res. 114:83-89.
235.   Sonjai, K., R. Soisangwan, Y. Sakolvaree, H. Kurazono, M. Chongsa-nguan, P. Tapchaisri, Y. Mahakunkijcharoen, G. B. Nair, H. Hayashi, and W. Chaicumpa. 2001. Validation of salmonellosis and shigellosis diagnostic test kits at a provincial hospital in Thailand. Asian Pac. J. Allergy Immunol. 19: 115-127.
236.   Talukder, K. A., D. K. Dutta. A. Safa, M. Ansaruzzaman, F. Hassan, K. Alam, K. M. N. Islam, N. I. A. Carlin, G. B. Nair, and D. A. Sack. 2001. Altering trends in the dominance of Shigella flexneri serotypes and emergence of serologically atypical S. flexneri strains in Dhaka, Bangladesh. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39: 3757-3759.
237.   Yamamoto, S., M. Nakano, A. Terai, K. Yuri, K. Nakata, G. B. Nair, H. Kurazono, and O. Ogawa. 2001. The presence of the virulence island containing the USP gene in uropathogenic Escherichia coli is associated with urinary tract infection in an experimental mouse model. J. Urol. 165: 1347-1351.
[2000]
238. Basu, A., and G. B. Nair. 2000. The tainted genome of Vibrio cholerae: a legacy of virulence by proxy. Sci. Culture  66: 186-189.
239. Basu, A., A. K. Mukhopadhyay, P. Garg, S. Chakraborty, T. Ramamurthy, S. Yamasaki, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 2000. Diversity in the arrangement of CTX prophages in Classical strains of Vibrio cholerae O1. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 182:35-40.
240. Basu, A., P. Garg, S. Datta, S. Chakraborty, T. Bhattacharya, A. Khan, T. Ramamurthy, S. K. Bhattacharya, S. Yamasaki, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 2000. Vibrio cholerae O139 in Calcutta, 1992-1998: Incidence, antibiograms, and genotypes. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 6: 139-147.
241. Chakrabarti, A. K., A.N. Ghosh, G. B. Nair, S. K. Niyogi, S. K. Bhattacharya, and B. L. Sarkar. 2000. Development and evaluation of a phage typing scheme for Vibrio cholerae O139.  J. Clin. Microbiol. 38: 44-49.
242. Chakraborty, S., A. K. Mukhopadhyay, R. K Bhadra, A. N. Ghosh, R. Mitra, T. Shimada, S. Yamasaki, S. M. Faruque, Y. Takeda, R. R. Colwell, and G. B. Nair. 2000. Virulence genes in environmental strains of Vibrio cholerae. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66: 4022-4028.
243. Dutta, D., M. K. Bhattacharya, A. K. Deb, D. Sarkar, A. Chatterjee, A. B. Biswas, K. Chatterjee, G. B. Nair,  and S. K. Bhattacharya. 2000. Evaluation of oral hypo-osmolar glucose-based and rice-based oral rehydration solutions in the treatment of cholera in children. Acta Paediatr. 89:787-790.
244.   Faruque, S. M.,  M. N. Saha, Asadulghani, P. K. Bag, R. K. Bhadra,  S. K. Bhattacharya, R. B. Sack, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 2000. Genomic diversity among Vibrio cholerae O139 strains isolated in Bangladesh and India between 1992 and 1998. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 184: 279-284.
245.   Faruque, S. M., M. N. Saha, Asadulghani, D.  A. Sack, R. B. Sack, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 2000. The O139 serogroup of Vibrio cholerae comprises diverse clones of epidemic and non-epidemic strains derived from multiple V.cholerae O1 and non-O1 progenitors. J. Infect. Dis. 182: 1161-1168.
246.   Garg, P., R. K. Nandy, P. Chaudhury, N. Roy Chowdhury, K. De, T. Ramamurthy, S. Yamasaki, S. K. Bhattacharya, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 2000. Emergence of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor serotype Inaba from the prevailing O1 Ogawa serotype strains in India. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38:4249-4253.
247.   Garg, P., S. Chakraborty, I. Basu, S. Datta, K. Rajendran, T. Bhattacharya, S. Yamasaki, S. K. Bhattacharya, Y. Takeda, G. B. Nair, and T. Ramamurthy. 2000. Expanding multiple antibiotic resistance among clinical strains of Vibrio cholerae isolated from 1992-7 in Calcutta, India. Epidemiol. Infect. 124:393-399.
248.   Jeong, J. Y., A. K. Mukhopadhyay, D. Dailidiene, Y. Wang, B. Velapatino, R. H. Gilman, A. J. Parkinson, G. B. Nair, B. C. Y. Wong, S. K. Lam, R. Mistry, I. Segal, Y. Yuan, H. Gao, T. Alarcon, M. L. Brea, Y. Ito, D. Kersulyte, H. K. Lee, Y. Gong, A. Goodwin, P. S. Hoffman, and D. E. Berg. 2000. Sequential inactivation of rdxA (HP0954) and then frxA (HP0642) nitroreductase genes causes moderate and high-level metronidazole resistance in Helicobacter pylori. J. Bacteriol. 182: 5082-5090.
249.   Kersulyte, D., A. K. Mukhopadhyay, B. Velapatino, W. Su, Z. Pan, C. Garcia, V. Hernandez , Y. Valdez, R. S. Mistry, R. H. Gilman, Y. Yuan, H. Gao, T. Alarcon, M. L. Brea, G. B. Nair, A. Chowdhury, S. Datta, M. Shirai, T. Nakazawa, , R. Ally, I. Segal, B. C. Y. Wong, S. K. Lam, F. O. Olfat, T. Boren, L. Engstrand, , O. Torres, R. Schneider, J. E. Thomas, S. Czinn, and D. E. Berg. 2000. Differences in genotypes of Helicobacter pylori from different human populations. J. Bacteriol. 182: 3210-3218.
250.   Kurazono, H., S. Yamamoto, M. Nakano, G. B. Nair, A. Terai, W. Chaicumpa, and H. Hayashi. 2000. Characterization of a putative virulence island in the chromosome of uropathogenic Escherichia coli possessing a gene encoding a uropathogenic-specific protein. Microb. Pathog. 28: 183-189.
251.   Mitra, R., P. Figueroa, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, T. Shimada, Y. Takeda, D. E. Berg, and G. B. Nair. 2000. Cell vacuolation, a manifestation of the ElTor hemolysin of Vibrio cholerae. Infect. Immun. 68: 1928-1933.
252.   Mukhopadhyay, A. K., D. Kersulyte, J. Y. Jeong, S. Datta, Y. Ito, A. Chowdhury, S. Chowdhury, A. Santra, S. K. Bhattacharya, T. Azuma, G. B. Nair, and D. E. Berg. 2000. Distinctiveness of genotypes of Helicobacter pylori in Calcutta, India. J. Bacteriol. 182: 3219-3227.
253.   Nandi, B., R. K. Nandy, S. Mukhopadhyay, G. B. Nair, T. Shimada, and A. C. Ghose. 2000.  Rapid method for the species-specific identification of Vibrio cholerae using primers targeted to the gene of outer membrane protein OmpW. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38:4145-4151.
254.   Ramamurthy, T., K. Rajendran, P. Garg, T. Shimada, A. Basu, N. Roychowdhury, R. K. Nandy, S. Yamasaki, S. K. Bhattacharya, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 2000. Cluster-analysis and patterns of dissemination of multidrug resistance among clinical strains of Vibrio cholerae in Calcutta, India. Indian J. Med. Res. 112:78-85.
255.   Ramamurthy, T., S. Chakraborty, G. B. Nair, and S. K. Bhattacharya. 2000. Health impairments arising from drinking water resources contaminated with Vibrio cholerae. Schriftenr Ver Wasser Boden Lufthyg. 105:29-34.
256.   Chowdhury, N. R., S. Chakraborty, B. Eampokalap, W.Chaicumpa, M. Chongsa-Nguan. P. Moolasart, R. Mitra, T. Ramamurthy, S. K. Bhattacharya, M. Nishibuchi, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 2000. Clonal dissemination of Vibrio parahaemolyticus displaying similar DNA fingerprint but belonging to two different serovars (O3:K6 and O4:K68) in Thailand and India. Epidemiol. Infect. 125:17-25.
257.   Roy Chowdhury, N., S. Chakraborty, T. Ramamurthy, M. Nishibuchi, S. Yamasaki, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 2000. Molecular evidence of clonal Vibrio parahaemolyticus pandemic strains. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 6:631-636.
258.   Saha, D. R., S. K. Niyogi, G. B. Nair, B. Manna, and S. K. Bhattacharya. 2000. Detection of faecal leucocytes and erythrocytes from stools of cholera patients suggesting an evidence of an inflammatory response in cholera. Indian J. Med. Res. 112:5-8.
259.   Sur, D., P. Dutta, G. B. Nair, and S. K. Bhattacharya. 2000. Severe cholera outbreak following floods in a northern district of West Bengal. Indian J. Med. Res. 112: 178-182.
[1999]
260. Bag, P. K., S. Nandi, R. K. Bhadra, T. Ramamurthy, S. K. Bhattacharya, M. Nishibuchi, T. Hamabata, S. Yamasaki, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 1999. Clonal diversity among the recently emerged strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 associated with pandemic spread. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37: 2354-2357.
261. Basu, I., R. Mitra, P. K. Saha, A. N. Ghosh, J. Bhattacharya, M. K. Chakrabarti, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 1999. Morphological and cytoskeletal changes caused by non-membrane damaging cytotoxin of Vibrio cholerae on Int 407 and HeLa Cells. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 179: 255-263.
262. Chakrabarti, M. K., J. Bhattacharya, M. K. Bhattacharya, G. B. Nair, S. K. Bhattacharya, and D. Mahalanabis. 1999. Killed oral Shigella vaccine made of Shigella flexneri 2a protects against challenge in the rabbit model of shigellosis. Acta Paediatr. 88: 161-165.
263. Chakraborty, S., J. Khanam, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 1999. Application of PCR for detection of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 in water samples during an outbreak of cholera. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 93:527-528.
264. Guhathakurta, B., D. Sasmal, S. Pal, S. Chakraborty, G. B. Nair, and A. Dutta. 1999. Comparative analysis of cytotoxin, hemolysin, hemagglutinin and exocellular enzymes among clinical and environmental isolates of Vibrio cholerae O139 and non-O1, non-O139. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 179: 401-407.
265. Koley, H., R. Mitra, A. Basu, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, P. K. Saha, B. S. Ramakrishna, S.  Krishnan, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 1999. Response of wild-type mutants of Vibrio cholerae O1 possessing different combination of virulence genes in the ligated rabbit ileal loop and in Ussing chambers: evidence for the presence of additional secretogen. J. Med. Microbiol. 48: 51-57.
266.   Nair, G. B., and B. Holmes. 1999. Minutes of the closed meeting, May 19, 1998, Atlanta, USA International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Vibrionaceae. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 49: 1945-1947.  
267.   Pal, A., P. K. Saha, G. B. Nair, S. Yamasaki, T. Takeda, Y. Takeda, S. K. Bhattacharya, and T. Ramamurthy. 1999. Clonal analysis of non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 associated with an outbreak of cholera. Indian J. Med. Res. 109: 208-211.
268.   Pal, A., S. Ghosh, T. Ramamurthy, S. Yamasaki, T. Tsukamoto, S. K. Bhattacharya, G. B. Nair, and Y. Takeda. 1999. Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli from healthy cattle in a semi-urban community in Calcutta, India. Indian J. Med. Res. 110: 83-85.
269.   Sozhamannan, S., Y. K. Deng, M. Li, A. Sulakvelidze, J. B. Kaper, J. A. Johnson, G. B. Nair, and J. G. Morris. 1999. Cloning and DNA sequence of the genes downstream of the wbf gene cluster of Vibrio cholerae serogroup O139 and analysis of the junction genes in other serogroups. Infect. Immun.  67: 5033-5040.
270.   Thungapathra, M., C. Sharma, N. Gupta, R. K. Ghosh, A. Mukhopadhyay, H. Koley, G. B. Nair, and A. Ghosh. 1999. Construction of a recombinant live oral vaccine from a non-toxigenic strain of Vibrio cholerae O1 serotype Inaba biotype ElTor and assessment of its reactogenicity and immunogenicity in the rabbit model. Immunol. Lett. 68: 219-227.
271.   Walia, K., S. Ghosh, H. Singh, G. B. Nair, A. Ghosh, G. Sahni, H. Vohra, and N. K. Ganguly. 1999. Purification and characterization of novel toxin produced by O1 Vibrio cholerae. Infect. Immun.  67: 5215-5222.
272.   Yamasaki, S., S. Garg, G. B. Nair, and Y. Takeda. 1999. Distribution of Vibrio cholerae O1 antigen biosynthesis genes among O139 and other non-O1 serogroups of Vibrio cholerae. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 179: 115-121.
273.   Yamasaki, S., T. Shimizu, K. Hoshino, S.T. Ho, T. Shimada, G. B. Nair, and Y. Takeda. 1999. The genes responsible for O-antigen synthesis of Vibrio cholerae O139 are closely related to those of Vibrio cholerae O22. Gene 237: 321-332.
[1998]
274. Bag, P. K., S. Maiti, C. Sharma, A. Ghosh, A. Basu, R. Mitra, S. K. Bhattacharya, S. Nakamura, S. Yamasaki, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 1998. Rapid spread of the new clone of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype ElTor in cholera endemic areas in India. Epidemiol. Infect. 121: 245-251.
275. Basu, A., A. K. Mukhopadhyay, C. Sharma, J. Jyot, N. Gupta, A. Ghosh, S. K. Bhattacharya, Y. Takeda, A. S. G. Faruque, M. J. Albert, and G. B. Nair. 1998. Heterogeneity in the organization of the CTX genetic element in strains of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal isolated from Calcutta, India and Dhaka, Bangladesh and its plausible link to the dissimilar incidence of O139 cholera in the two locales. Microb. Pathog. 24:175-183.
276. Bhattacharya, M. K., D. Dutta, S. K. Bhattacharya, A. Deb, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, G. B. Nair, T. Shimada, Y. Takeda, A. Chowdhury, and D. Mahalanabis. 1998. Association of a disease approximating cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae of serogroups other than O1 and O139. Epidemiol. Infect. 120: 1-5.
277. Bhattacharya, M. K., S. K. Bhattacharya, D. Dutta, A. K. Deb, M. Deb, A. Dutta, A. Saha Chowdhury, G. B. Nair, and D. Mahalanabis. 1998. Efficacy of oral hypoosmolar glucose-based and rice-based oral rehydration salt solutions in the treatment of cholera in adults. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 33: 159-163.
278. Chaicumpa, W., P. Srimanote, Y. Sakolvaree, T. Kalampaheti, M. Chongsa-nguan, P. Tapchaisri, B. Eampokalarp, P. Moolasart, G. B. Nair, and P. Echeverria. 1998. Rapid diagnosis of cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae O139. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36: 3595-3600.
279 Chaudhuri, A. G., J. Bhattacharya, G. B. Nair, T. Takeda, and M. K. Chakrabarti. 1998. Rise of cytosolic Ca2+ and activation of membrane-bound guanyl cyclase activity in rat enterocytes by heat-stable enterotoxin of Vibrio cholerae non-O1. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 160: 125-129.
280. Dutta, D., M. K. Bhattacharya, A. Deb, A. Saha Chowdhury, G. B. Nair, B. S. Ramakrishna and S. K. Bhattacharya. 1998. Uncooked rice powder in oral rehydration solution: an alternative to glucose or cooked rice powder. Indian J. Med. Res. 107: 257-262.
281. Dutta, P., U. Mitra, M. R. Saha, G. B. Nair, S. K. Niyogi, B. C. Roy, S. Dasgupta, M. Lahiri, D. Paul, and S. K. Bhattacharya. 1998. Unsupervised use of oral rehydration therapy and hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia in diarrhoeal children. J. Trop. Pediatr. 44: 248-249.
282.   Hoshino K., S. Yamasaki, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, S. Chakraborty, A. Basu, S. K. Bhattacharya, G. B. Nair, T. Shimada, and Y. Takeda. 1998. Development and evaluation of a multitest PCR assay for rapid detection of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 20: 201-207.
283.   Kimsey, H., G. B. Nair, A. Ghosh, and M. K. Waldor. 1998. Diverse CTXΦs and evolution of new pathogenic Vibrio cholerae. Lancet 352: 457-458.
284.   Mitra, R., P. K. Saha, I. Basu, A. Venkataraman, B. S. Ramakrishna, M. J. Albert, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 1998. Characterization of non-membrane damaging cytotoxin of non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 and its relevance to disease. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 169: 331-339
285.   Mukhopadhyay, A. K., A. Basu, P. Garg, P. K. Bag, A. Ghosh, S. K. Bhattacharya, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 1998. Molecular epidemiology of reemergent Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal in India. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36: 2149-2152.
286.   Mukhopadhyay, A. K., I. Basu, S. K. Bhattacharya, M. K. Bhattacharya, and G. B. Nair. 1998. Emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance in strains of Vibrio cholerae isolated from hospitalized patients with acute diarrhoea in Calcutta, India. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42: 206-207.
287.   Nair, G. B., and Y. Takeda. 1998. The heat-stable enterotoxins. Microb. Pathog. 24: 123-131.
288.   Pal, S., A. Datta, G. B. Nair, and B. Guhathakurta. 1998. Use of monoclonal antibodies to identify phospholipase C as the enterotoxic factor of the bifunctional hemolysin-phospholipase C molecule of Vibrio cholerae O139. Infect. Immun. 66: 3974-3977.
289.   Sharma, C., A. Ghosh, A. Dalsgaard, A. Forslund, R. K. Ghosh, S. K. Bhattacharya, and G. B. Nair. 1998. Molecular evidence that a distinct Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype ElTor strain in Calcutta may have spread to the African continent. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36: 843-844.
290.   Sharma, C., A. Ghosh, R. K. Ghosh, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, and G. B. Nair. 1998. Molecular analysis of the cholera toxin gene and antibiotic susceptibility profile of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 associated with mixed infection. Indian J. Med. Res. 107: 199-203.
291.   Sharma, C., M. Thungapathra, A. Ghosh, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, A. Basu, R. Mitra, I. Basu, S. K. Bhattacharya, T. Shimada, T. Ramamurthy, T. Takeda, S. Yamasaki, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 1998. Molecular analysis of non-O1 non-O139 Vibrio cholerae associated with an unusual upsurge in the incidence of cholera-like disease in Calcutta, India. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36: 756-763.
[1997]
292.   Basu, A., A. K. Mukhopadhyay, A. K. Chakrabarti, S. K. Niyogi, M. R. Saha, S. Yamasaki, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 1997. Comparison between the multiplex PCR, sensitivity to biotype specific phages and polymyxin B for biotyping of Vibrio cholerae O1. Indian J. Med. Res. 106: 491-493.
293.   Bhattacharya, S. K., M. K. Bhattacharya, D. Dutta, S. Dutta, M. Deb, A. Deb, K. P. Das, H. Koley, and G. B. Nair. 1997. Double-blind, randomized clinical trial for safety and efficacy of norfloxacin for shigellosis in children. Acta Paediatr. 86: 319-320.
294.   Chakraborty, S., G. B. Nair, and S. Shinoda. 1997. Pathogenic vibrios in the natural aquatic environment. Rev. Environ. Health 12: 63-80.
295.   Decamp, O., N. Rajendran, H. Nakano, and G. B. Nair. 1997. Estimation of the viability of Vibrio cholerae O139 by assessing cell membrane integrity. Microbios 92: 83-89.
296.   Ghosh, C., R. K. Nandy, S. K. Dasgupta, G. B. Nair, R. H. Hall, and A. C. Ghosh. 1997. A search for cholera toxin (CT), toxin coregulated pilus (TCP), the regulatory element ToxR and other virulence factors in non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae. Microb. Pathog. 22: 199-208.
297.   Okuda, J., M. Ishibashi, E. Hayakawa, T. Nishino, Y. Takeda, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, S. Garg, S. K. Bhattacharya, G. B. Nair, and M. Nishibuchi. 1997. Emergence of a unique O3:K6 clone of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Calcutta, India, and isolation of strains from the same clonal group from Southeast Asian travellers arriving in Japan. J. Clin. Microbiol. 35: 3150-3155.
298.   Radhakutty, G., B. K. Sircar, S. K. Mondal, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, R. K. Mitra, A. Basu, R. L. Ichhpujani, G. B. Nair, and S. K. Bhattacharya. 1997. Investigation of the outbreak of cholera in Alleppey and Palghat districts, South India. Indian J. Med. Res. 106: 455-457.
299.   Ramamurthy, T., K. Yoshino, X. Huang, G. B. Nair, E. Carniel, T. Maruyama, H. Fukushima, and T. Takeda. 1997. The novel heat-stable enterotoxin subtype gene (ystB) of Yersinia enterocolitica : nucleotide sequence and distribution of yst genes. Microb. Pathog. 23: 189-200.
300.   Saha, D. R., H. Koley, A. N. Ghosh, and G. B. Nair. 1997. Sequential changes in gut mucosa of rabbits infected with Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal: an ultrastructural study. J. Diarrhoeal Dis. Res. 15: 59-64.
301.   Saha, P. K., and G. B. Nair. 1997. Production of monoclonal antibodies to the non-membrane damaging cytotoxin (NMDCY) purified from Vibrio cholerae O26 and distribution of NMDCY among strains of Vibrio cholerae and other enteric bacteria determined by monoclonal-polyclonal sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Infect. Immun. 65: 801-805.
302.   Shamlal, R., S. Rajarathnam, K. Sankaran, V. Ramachandran, Y. V. B. K. Subrahmanyam, G. B. Nair, R. Macaden, and R. K. Roy. 1997. Detection of virulent Shigella and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli by induction of the 43 kDa invasion plasmid antigen ipaC. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 17: 73-78.
303.   Sharma, C., G. B. Nair, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, S. K. Bhattacharya, R. K. Ghosh, and A. Ghosh. 1997. Molecular characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype ElTor strains isolated between 1992 and 1995 in Calcutta, India: evidence for the emergence of a new clone of the ElTor biotype. J. Infect. Dis. 175: 1134-1141.
304.   Sharma, C., S. Maiti, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, A. Basu, I. Basu, G. B. Nair, R. Mukhopadhyaya, B. Das, S. Kar, R. K. Ghosh, and A. Ghosh. 1997. Unique organization of the CTX genetic element in Vibrio cholerae O139 strains which reemerged in Calcutta, India, in September, 1996. J. Clin. Microbiol. 35: 3348-3350.
305.   Yamasaki, S., G. B. Nair, S. K. Bhattacharya, S. Yamamoto, H. Kurazono, and Y. Takeda. 1997. Cryptic appearance of a new clone of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype ElTor in Calcutta, India. Microbiol. Immunol. 41: 1-6.
[1996]
306.   Dutta, D., S. K. Bhattacharya, M. K. Bhattacharya, A. Deb, M. Deb, B, Manna, A. Moitra, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, and G. B. Nair. 1996. Efficacy of norfloxacin and doxycycline for treatment of Vibrio cholerae O139 infection. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 37: 575-581.
307.   Garg, S., A. N. Ghosh, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, and G. B. Nair. 1996. Electron microscopic studies on Vibrio cholerae O139. Indian J. Med. Res. 104: 134-138.
308.   Ghosh, A. R., H. Koley, D. De, M. Paul, G. B. Nair, and D. Sen. 1996. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli associated diarrhoea among infants aged less than six months in Calcutta, India. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 12: 81-84.
309.   Ghosh, A. R., M. Paul, H. Koley, S. K. Bhattacharya, and G. B. Nair. 1996. Emergence of Shigella species in India : shifting patterns, and an alarming rise in multiple-drug resistant strains. LabMed. Int. 13: 18-21.  
310.   Kurazono, H., S. Yamasaki, O. Ratchtrachenchai, G. B. Nair, and Y. Takeda. 1996. Analysis of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal islolated from different geographical areas using microrestriction DNA analysis. Microbiol. Immunol. 40: 303-305.
311.   Mitra, R., A. Basu, D. Dutta, G. B. Nair, and Y. Takeda. 1996. Resurgence of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal with altered antibiogram in Calcutta, India. Lancet 348: 1181.
312.   Mukhopadhyay, A. K., S. Garg, P.K. Saha, Y. Takeda, S. K. Bhattacharya, and G. B. Nair. 1996. Comparative analysis of factors promoting optimal production of cholera toxin by Vibrio cholerae O1 (classical and ElTor biotypes) and O139. Indian J. Med. Res. 104: 129-133.
313.   Mukhopadhyay, A. K., S. Garg, R. Mitra, A. Basu, D. Dutta, S. K. Bhattacharya, T. Shimada, T. Takeda, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 1996. Temporal shifts in traits of Vibrio cholerae strains isolated from hospitalized patients in Calcutta : a 3-year (1993-1995) analysis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34: 2537-2543.
314.   Nair, G. B., M. J. Albert, T. Shimada, and Y. Takeda. 1996. Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal: the new serogroup causing cholera. Rev. Med. Microbiol. 7: 43-51.  
315.   Nair, G. B. 1996. Molecular insights into the evolution and epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae. Indian J. Med. Res. 104: 5-13.
316.   Pal, S., D. Sasmal, B. Guhathakurta, G. B. Nair, S. K. Bhattacharya, R. Mallick, and A. Datta. 1996. Electrophoretic mobility and immune response of outer membrane proteins of Vibrio cholerae O139. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 15: 143-148.
317.   Ramamurthy, T., S. K. Bhattacharya, G. B. Nair, and Y. Takeda. 1996. Comparison of the sensitivity and specificity of a polyclonal versus monoclonal capture antibody based Bead ELISA for direct detection of cholera toxin from stool specimens. Indian J. Med. Res. 104: 125-128.
318.   Saha, P. K., H. Koley, and G. B. Nair. 1996. Purification and characterization of an extracellular secretogenic non-membrane-damaging cytotoxin produced by clinical strains of Vibrio cholerae non-O1. Infect. Immun. 64: 3101-3108.
319.   Saha, P. K., H. Koley, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, S. K. Bhattacharya, G. B. Nair, B. S. Ramakrishna, S. Krishnan, T. Takeda, and Y. Takeda. 1996. Nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 serotype Inaba biotype ElTor associated with a cluster of cases of cholera in Southern India. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34: 1114-1117.
[1995]
320.   Bhattacharya, S. K., M. K. Bhattacharya, B. Manna, D. Dutta, A. Deb, P. Dutta, A. G. Goswami, A. Dutta, S. Sarkar, A. Mukhopadhya, T. Krishnan, T. N. Naik, and G. B. Nair. 1995. Risk factors for development of dehydration in young children with acute watery diarrhoea : A case-control study. Acta Paediatr. 84: 160-164.
321.   Hasan, J. A. K., A. Huq, G. B. Nair, S. Garg, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, L. Loomis, D. Bernstein, and R. R. Colwell. 1995. Development and testing of monoclonal antibody based rapid immunodiagonostic test kits for direct detection of Vibrio cholerae O139 synonym Bengal. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33: 2935-2939.
322.   Koley, H., A. N. Ghosh, M. Paul, A. R. Ghosh, P. K. Ganguly, and G. B. Nair. 1995. Colonization ability and intestinal pathology of rabbits orally fed with Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal. Indian J. Med. Res. 101: 57-61.
323.   Kurazono, H., A. Pal, P. K. Bag, G. B. Nair, T. Karasawa, T. Mihara, and Y. Takeda. 1995. Distribution of genes encoding cholera toxin, zonula occludens toxin, accessory cholera toxin, and ElTor hemolysin in Vibrio cholerae of diverse origins. Microb. Pathog. 18: 231-235.
324.   Mukhopadhyay, A. K., S. Garg, G. B. Nair, S. Kar, R. K. Ghosh, S. Pajni, A. Ghosh, T. Shimada, T. Takeda, and Y. Takeda. 1995. Biotype traits and antibiotic susceptibility of Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 before, during and after the emergence of the O139 serogroup. Epidemiol. Infect. 115: 427-434.
325.   Mukhopadhyay, A. K., P. K. Saha, S. Garg, S. K. Bhattacharya, T. Shimada, T. Takeda, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 1995. Distribution and virulence of Vibrio cholerae belonging to serogroups other than O1 and O139: A nationwide survey. Epidemiol. Infect. 114:65-70.
326.   Nair, G. B., P. K. Bag, T. Shimada, T. Ramamurthy, T. Takeda, S. Yamamoto, H. Kurazono, and Y. Takeda. 1995. Evaluation of DNA probes for the specific detection of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33: 2186-2187.
327.   Nair, G. B., S. K. Bhattacharya, T. Shimada, and Y. Takeda. 1995. The spread of Vibrio cholerae O139 in India (Reply). J. Infect. Dis. 171: 759-760.
328.   Nair, G. B., and S. Shinoda. 1995. Cholera in the 1990s - a disease on the rampage. Jpn. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 41: 239-249.  
329.   Niyogi, S. K., P. G. Sengupta, S. K. Bhattacharya, S. Garg, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, and G. B. Nair. 1995. Emergence of furazolidone and co-trimoxazole resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 in Eastern India. J. Infect. 30: 265-266.  
330.   Pajni, S., C. Sharma, N. Bhasin, A. Ghosh, T. Ramamurthy, G. B. Nair, S. Ramajayam, B. Das, S. Kar, S. Roychowdhury, and R. K. Ghosh. 1995. Studies on the genesis of Vibrio cholerae O139 : identification of probable progenitor strains. J. Med. Microbiol. 42: 20-25.
331.   Popovic, T., P. I. Fields, O. Olsvik, J. G. Wells, G. M. Evins, D. N. Cameron, J. J. Farmer III, C. A. Bopp, K. Wachsmuth, R. B. Sack, M. J. Albert, G. B. Nair, T. Shimada, and J. C. Feeley. 1995. Molecular subtyping of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O139 causing epidemic cholera in India and Bangladesh, 1992-93. J. Infect. Dis. 171: 122-127.
332.   Ramamurthy, T., S. Garg, and G. B. Nair. 1995. Monoclonal antibodies against Ogawa specific and Ogawa-Inaba common antigenic determinants of Vibrio cholerae O1 and their diagnostic utility. Indian J. Med. Res. 101: 10-12.
333.   Sengupta, P. G., B. K. Sircar, S. K. Mondal, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, G. B. Nair, D. N. Gupta, S. Ghosh, N. C. Saha, B. C. Deb, S. N. Sikder, B. Manna, S. K. Bhattacharya, S. P. De, and B. K. Mandal. 1995. Epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae O139 with special reference to intrafamilial transmission in Calcutta. J. Infect.  31: 45-47.
334.   Shaik, N. Md., G. B. Nair, and R. Kumar. 1995. Significance of secreted form of IpaC, a 45 kDa protein of Shigella dysenteriae 1 in the invasive process as determined by monoclonal antibodies. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 125: 247-253.
335.   Yamamoto, T., G. B. Nair, and Y. Takeda. 1995. Emergence of tetracycline resistance due to multiple drug resistance plasmid in Vibrio cholerae O139. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 11: 131-136.
336.   Yamamoto, T., G. B. Nair, M. J. Albert, C. C. Parodi, and Y. Takeda. 1995. Survey of in vitro susceptibilities of V. cholerae O1 and O139 to antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39: 241-244.
337.   Yoshino, K., T. Ramamurthy, G. B. Nair, H. Fukushima, Y. Ohtomo, N. Takeda, S. Kaneko, and T. Takeda. 1995. Geographical heterogeneity between Far East and Europe in the prevalence of the ypm gene for the novel superantigen among Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strains. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33: 3356-3358.
[1994]
338.   Bhattacharya, M. K., S. K. Bhattacharya, M. Paul, D. Dutta, P. Dutta, H. Kole, D. De, A. R. Ghosh, P. Das, and G. B. Nair. 1994. Shigellosis in Calcutta during 1990-1992: antibiotic susceptibility pattern and clinical features. J. Diarrhoeal Dis. Res. 12: 121-124.
339.   Bhattacharya, S. K., A. G. Goswami, M. K. Bhattacharya, D. Dutta, A. Deb, M. Deb, B. K. Sircar, A Saha Chowdhury, K. P. Das, and G. B. Nair. 1994. Epidemic of Vibrio cholerae O139 in Calcutta. Indian J. Med. Res. 100: 213-216.
340.   Bhattacharya, S. K., M. K. Bhattacharya, D. Dutta, S. Garg, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, M. Deb, A. Moitra, and G. B. Nair. 1994. Vibrio cholerae O139 in Calcutta. Arch. Dis. Child. 71: 161-162.
341.   Dutta, D., S. K. Bhattacharya, M. K. Bhattacharya, G. B. Nair, and S. K. Saha. 1994. Traveller's diarrhoea caused by Vibrio cholerae O139. J. Diarrhoeal Dis. Res. 12: 136.  
342.   Faruque, S. M., A. R. M. Abdul Alim, S. K. Roy, F. Khan, G. B. Nair, R. B. Sack, and M. J. Albert. 1994. Molecular analysis of rRNA and cholera toxin genes carried by the new epidemic strain of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O139 synonym Bengal. J. Clin. Microbiol. 32:1050-1053.
343.   Garg, S., T. Ramamurthy, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, B. C. Deb, G. B. Nair, T. Shimada, T. Takeda, A. Huq, R. R. Colwell, and Y. Takeda. 1994. Production and cross reactivity patterns of a panel of high affinity monoclonal antibodies to Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 8:293-298.
344.   Ghosh, A. R., H. Koley, D. De, S. Garg, M. K. Bhattacharya, S. K. Bhattacharya, G. B. Nair, T. Shimada, T. Takeda, and Y. Takeda. 1994. Incidence and toxigenicity of Vibrio cholerae in a freshwater lake during the epidemic of cholera caused by serogroup O139 Bengal in Calcutta, India. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 14: 285-291.  
345.   Karmaker, S., A. N. Ghosh, D. Dey, G. B. Nair, and U. Ganguly. 1994. Ultrastructural changes in HeLa cells associated with enteroadherent Escherichia coli isolated from infants with diarrhoea in Calcutta. J Diarrhoeal Dis. Res. 12: 274-278.
346.   Karmali, M. A., M. Petric, M. Winkler, M. Bielaszewska, J. Brunton, N. van de Kar, T. Morooka, G. B. Nair, S. E. Richardson, and G. S. Arbus. 1994. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of immunoglobulin G antibodies to Escherichia coli vero cytotoxin 1. J. Clin. Microbiol. 32:1457-1463.
347.   Kurazono, H., J. Okuda, Y. Takeda, G. B. Nair, M. J. Albert, R. B. Sack, M. Chong-nguan, and W. Chaicumpa. 1994. Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal isolated from India, Bangladesh and Thailand are clonal as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J. Infect. 29: 109-110.
348.   Maruvada, R., S. C. Pal, and G. B. Nair. 1994. Effects of polymyxin B on the outer membranes of Aeromonas species. J. Microbiol. Methods 20: 115-124.  
349.   Nair, G. B., S. Garg, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, T. Shimada, and Y. Takeda. 1994. Laboratory diagnosis of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal, the new pandemic strain of cholera. LabMed. Int. 11: 8-11.  
350.    Nair, G. B., S. K. Bhattacharya, and B. C. Deb. 1994. Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal: the eighth pandemic strain of cholera. Indian J. Public Health 38: 33-36.
351.   Nair, G. B., T. Ramamurthy, S. K. Bhattacharya, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, S. Garg, M. K. Bhattacharya, T. Takeda, T. Shimada, Y. Takeda, and B. C. Deb. 1994. Spread of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal in India. J. Infect. Dis. 169: 1029-1034.
352.   Nair, G. B., T. Shimada, H. Kurazono, J. Okuda, A. Pal, T. Karasawa, T. Mihara, Y. Uesaka, H. Shirai, S. Garg, P.K. Saha, A. K. Mukhopadhyay, T. Ohashi, J. Tada, T. Nakayama, S. Fukushima, T. Takeda, and Y. Takeda. 1994. Characterization of phenotypic, serological and toxigenic traits of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal. J. Clin. Microbiol. 32: 2775-2779.
353.   Paul, M., T. Tsukamoto, A. R. Ghosh, S. K. Bhattacharya, B. Manna, S. Chakrabarti, G. B. Nair, D. A. Sack, D. Sen, and Y. Takeda. 1994. The significance of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in the etiology of hospitalized diarrhea in Calcutta, India and the demonstration of a new honey-combed pattern of aggregative adherence. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 117: 319-325.
354.   Yuan, P., A. Ogawa, T. Ramamurthy, G. B. Nair, T. Shimada, S. Shinoda, and T. Takeda. 1994. Vibrio mimicus are the reservoirs of the heat-stable enterotoxin (NAG-ST) gene among species of the genus Vibrio. World J. Microbiol. Biotech. 10: 59-63.  
355.   Ramamurthy, T., M. J. Albert, A. Huq, R. R. Colwell, Y. Takeda, T. Takeda, T. Shimada, B. K. Mandal, and G. B. Nair. 1994. Vibrio mimicus with multiple toxin types isolated from human and environmental sources. J. Med. Microbiol. 40:194-196.
356.   Salles, C. A., H. Momen, A. M. Coelho, E. F. de Oliveira, A. C. Vincente, and G. B. Nair. 1994. Bengal-ElTor cholera- Vibrio in a new robe. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz. 89: 115-116.  
357.   Sengupta, T. K., D. K. Sengupta, G. B. Nair, and A. C. Ghose. 1994. Epidemic isolates of Vibrio cholerae O139 express antigenically distinct types of colonization pili. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 118:265-272.
358.   Shimada, T., E. Arakawa, K. Itoh, T. Nakazako, T. Okitsu, S. Yamai, M. Kusum, G. B. Nair and Y. Takeda. 1994. Two strains of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 possessing somatic (O) antigen factors in common with V. cholerae serogroup O139 "Bengal". Curr. Microbiol. 29: 331-333.  
359.   Shimada, T., E. Arakawa, K. Itoh, T. Okitsu, A. Matsushima, Y. Asai, S. Yamai, T. Nakazato, G. B. Nair, M. J. Albert, and Y. Takeda. 1994. Extended serotyping scheme for Vibrio cholerae. Curr. Microbiol. 28:175-178.  
360.   Takeda, T., T. Ramamurthy, A. Saha Chowdhury, D. Dutta, S. K. Bhattacharya, B. C. Deb, G. B. Nair, and Y. Takeda. 1994. Vibrio cholerae O1 vibriocidal and anti-cholera toxin antibodies in O139 Bengal cholera patients. J. Infect. 29: 233-235.
[1993]
361. cytolethal distending toxin (CLDT) of Campylobacter jejuni on CHO and HeLa cell membranes and development of a receptor based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of CLDT. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 114: 285-292.
362. Bhattacharya, M. K., S. K. Bhattacharya, S. Garg, P. K. Saha, D. Dutta, G. B. Nair, B. C. Deb, and K. P. Das. 1993. Outbreak of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 in India and Bangladesh. Lancet 341:1346-1347.
363. Bhattacharya, S. K., M. K. Bhattacharya, G. B. Nair, D. Dutta, A. Deb, T. Ramamurthy,  S. Garg, P. K. Saha, P. Dutta, A. Moitra, B. K. Mandal, T. Shimada, Y. Takeda, and B. C. Deb. 1993. Clinical profile of acute diarrhoea cases infected with the new epidemic strain of Vibrio cholerae O139: designation of the disease as cholera. J. Infect. 27: 11-15.
364. Das, S. C., S. G. Mullick, G. B. Nair, and G. Biswas. 1993. Isolation and characterization of Campylobacter spp. from rural areas. Indian J. Anim. Health 32: 139-142.
365. Dohi, S., H. Kasuga, H. Nakao, A. Ogawa, G. B. Nair, and T. Takeda. 1993. Heterogeneity in the molecular species of heat-stable enterotoxin of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 expressed by Escherichia coli carrying the cloned toxin gene. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 106:223-228.
366. Dutta, P., U. Mitra, R. Rasaily, S. K. Bhattacharya, S. P. De, D. Sen, M. R. Saha, G. B. Nair, S. K. Niyogi, P. Das, and A. Jana. 1993. Prospective study of nosocomial enteric infections in a pediatric hospital, Calcutta. Indian Pediatr. 30:187-194.
367. Garg, S., P. K. Saha, T. Ramamurthy, B. C. Deb, G. B. Nair, T. Shimada, and Y. Takeda. 1993. Nationwide prevalence of the new epidemic strain of Vibrio cholerae O139 in India. J. Infect. 27: 108-109.
368. Karasawa, T., T. Mihara, H. Kurazono, G. B. Nair, S. Garg, T. Ramamurthy, and Y. Takeda. 1993. Distribution of the zot (zonula occludens toxin) gene among strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 and non O1. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 106:143-146.
369. Nair, G. B. 1993. Novel Vibrio cholerae strain spreading. ASM News 59:427
370.   Nair, G. B., S. K. Bhattacharya, and T. Takeda. 1993. Identification of heat-stable enterotoxin-producing strains of Yersinia enterocolitica and Vibrio cholerae non-O1 by a monoclonal antibody based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Microbiol. Immunol. 37: 181-186.
371.   Nair, G. B., T. Ramamurthy, S. Garg, T. Takeda, and Y. Takeda. 1993. Characteristics of Vibrio cholerae isolated from hospitalized patients with acute diarrhoea in Calcutta, India: A four year analysis. LabMed. Int. 10: 29-33.  
372.   Nair, G. B. and Y. Takeda. 1993. Vibrio cholerae in disguise: A disturbing entity (Editorial). World J. Microbiol. Biotech. 9: 399-400.  
373.   Ramamurthy, T., A. Pal, P. K. Bag, S. K. Bhattacharya, G. B. Nair, H. Kurazano, S. Yamasaki, H. Shirai, T. Takeda, Y. Uesaka, K. Horigome, and Y. Takeda. 1993. Detection of cholera toxin gene in stool specimens by the polymerase chain reaction: comparison with bead enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and culture method for laboratory diagnosis of cholera. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31:3068-3070.
374.   Ramamurthy, T., P. K. Bag, A. Pal, S. K. Bhattacharya, M. K. Bhattacharya, D. Sen, T. Shimada, T. Takeda, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 1993. Virulence patterns of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 strains isolated from hospitalized patients with acute diarrhoea in Calcutta, India. J. Med. Microbiol. 39:310-317.
375.   Ramamurthy, T., S. Garg, R. Sharma, S. K. Bhattacharya, G. B. Nair, T. Shimada, T. Takeda, T. Karasawa, H. Kurazono, A. Pal, and Y. Takeda. 1993.  Emergence of novel strain of Vibrio cholerae with epidemic potential in Southern and Eastern India. Lancet 341:703-704.
376   Sarkar B. L., S. P. De, B. K. Sircar, S. Garg, G. B. Nair, and B. C. Deb. 1993. Polymixin B sensitive strains of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 from recent epidemic in India. Lancet. 341:1090.  
377.   Sengupta, K., P. Das, T. M. Johnson, P. P. Chaudhuri, D. Das, and G. B. Nair. 1993. Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against a highly immunogenic fraction of Entamoeba histolytica (NIH:200) and their application in the detection of current amoebic infection. J. Euk. Microbiol. 40: 722-726.
378.   Shimada, T., G. B. Nair, B. C. Deb, M. J. Albert, R. B. Sack, and Y. Takeda. 1993. Outbreak of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 in India and Bangladesh. Lancet 341:1346-47.  
379.   Takeda, T., S. K. Bhattacharya and G. B. Nair. 1993. Cooperative studies on diarrheal diseases. Acta Paediatr. Jpn. 35: 583-590.
380.   Takeda, T., G. B. Nair, K. Suzuki, H. X. Zhe, Y. Yokoo, P. DeMol, W. Hemelof, J. P. Butzler, Y. Takeda, and Y. Shimnoshi. 1993.  Epitope mapping and characterization of antigenic determinants of heat-stable enterotoxin (STh) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli using monoclonal antibodies. Infect. Immun. 61:289-294.
381.   Takeda, T., S. K. Bhattacharya, and G. B. Nair. 1993. Cooperative studies on diarrhoeal diseases. Acta Paediatr. Jpn. 35:583-590.  
382.   Yoshino, K., M. Miyachi, T. Takao, P. K. Bag, H. Xiaozhe, G. B. Nair, T. Takeda, and Y. Shimonishi. 1993. Purification and sequence determination of heat-stable enterotoxin elaborated by a cholera toxin-producing strain of Vibrio cholerae O1. FEBS Lett. 326: 83-86.
[1992]
383.   Bag, P. K., T. Ramamurthy, Y. Takeda, S. C. Pal, and G. B. Nair. 1992. Identification of subunits of cholera toxin in stool specimens of patients with campylobacteriosis by Western immunoblotting. Biomed. Lett. 47: 375-382.  
384.   Bhadra, R. K., P. Dutta, S.K. Bhattacharya, S.K. Dutta, S.C. Pal, and G.B. Nair. 1992. Campylobacter species as a cause of diarrhoea in children in Calcutta. J. Infect. 24: 55-62.
385.   Bhattacharya, M. K., G. B. Nair, D. Sen, M. Paul, A. Debnath, A. Nag, D. Dutta, P. Dutta, P. Dutta, S. C. Pal, and S. K. Bhattacharya. 1992. Efficacy of norfloxacin for shigellosis -a double-blind randomized clinical trial. J. Diarrhoeal Dis. Res. 10: 146-150.
386.   Bhattacharya, S. K., M. K. Bhattacharya, D. Datta, S. Garg, T. Ramamurthy, B. Manna, G. B. Nair, A. Nag, and A. Moitra. 1992. Cholera in young children in an endemic area. Lancet 340: 1549.
387.   Bhattacharya, S. K., M. K. Bhattacharya, T. Ramamurthy, A. Pal, P. K. Bag, T. Takeda, T. Shimada, P. Dutta, A. Debnath, S. Chakraborti, S. C. Pal, and G. B. Nair. 1992. Acute secretory diarrhoea caused by Vibrio cholerae non-O1 which does not produce cholera-like and heat-stable enterotoxins. J. Diarrhoeal Dis. Res. 10: 161-163.
388.   Ghosh, A. R., G. B. Nair, T. N. Naik, M. Paul, S. C. Pal, and D. Sen. 1992. Entero-adherent Escherichia coli is an important diarrhoeagenic agent in infants aged below 6 months in Calcutta, India. J. Med. Microbiol. 36: 264-268.
389.   Maruvada, R., P. Das, A. N. Ghosh, S. C. Pal, and G. B. Nair. 1992. Electrophoretic mobilities and immunoblot analysis of the outer membranes of Aeromonas hydrophila, A. sobria and A. caviae. Microbios 71: 105-113.
390.   Nair, G. B., and Y. Takeda. 1992. Immunodiagnosis of bacterial enteric infections: where do we stand? Asian Pac. J.  Allergy Immunol. 10: 1-3.
391.   Pal, A., T. Ramamurthy, A. R. Ghosh, S. C. Pal, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 1992. Virulence traits of Aeromonas strains in relation to species and source of isolation. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. 276:418-428.
392.   Pal, A., T. Ramamurthy, R. K. Bhadra, T. Takeda, T. Shimada, Y. Takeda, G. B. Nair, S. C. Pal, and S. Chakrabarti. 1992. Reassessment of the prevalence of heat-stable enterotoxin (NAG-ST) among environmental Vibrio cholerae non-O1 strains isolated from Calcutta, India, by using a NAG-ST DNA probe. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58: 2485-2489.
393.   Ramamurthy, T., A. Pal, M. K. Bhattacharya, S. K. Bhattacharya, A. Saha Chowdhury, Y. Takeda, T. Takeda, S. C. Pal, and G. B. Nair. 1992. Serovar, biotype, phagetype, toxigenicity and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Vibrio cholerae isolated during two consecutive cholera seasons (1989-90) in Calcutta. Indian J. Med. Res. 95: 125-129.
394.   Ramamurthy, T., A. Pal, S. C. Pal, and G. B. Nair. 1992. Taxonomical implications of emergence of high frequency of occurrence of 2,4,-diamino-6, 7-diisopropylpteridine-resistant strains of Vibrio cholerae from clinical cases of cholera in Calcutta, India. J. Clin. Microbiol. 30: 742-743.
395.   Ramamurthy, T., S. K. Bhattacharya, Y. Uesaka, K. Horigome, M. Paul, D. Sen, S. C. Pal, T. Takeda, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 1992. Evaluation of the bead enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for detection of cholera toxin directly from stool specimens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 30: 1783-1786.
396.   Uesaka, Y., Y. Otsuka, M. Kashida, Y. Oku, K. Horigome, G. B. Nair, S. C. Pal, S. Yamasaki, and Y. Takeda. 1992. Detection of cholera toxin by a highly sensitive bead-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Microbiol. Immunol. 36: 43-53.
[1991]
397.   Bhadra, R. K., P. K. Bag, S. C. Pal, and G. B. Nair. 1991. Comparison of selective medium supplemented with blood and a charcoal based blood-free medium for primary isolation of campylobacters from human faeces. Indian J. Med. Res. 93: 22-25.
398.   Bhadra, R. K., S. C. Pal, and G. B. Nair. 1991. Simplified method for the detection of DNA hydrolysis by enteric campylobacters. Indian J. Med. Res. 93: 87-89.
399.   Bhadra, R. K., T. Biswas, S. C. Pal, T. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 1991. A polyclonal-monoclonal antibody based sensitive sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for specific detection of cholera toxin. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. 275: 467-473.
400.   Ghosh A. R., G. B. Nair, T. N. Naik, S. K. Sarkar, R. Mazumdar, S. C. Pal, and D. Sen. 1991. Serovars of multi-antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli from the freshwater environs of Calcutta, India. Microbiol. Immunol. 35: 273-287.
401.   Ghosh, A. R., G. B. Nair, P. Dutta, S. C. Pal, and D. Sen. 1991. Acute diarrhoeal diseases in infants aged below six months in hospital in Calcutta, India: an aetiological study. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 85: 796-798.
402.   Nair, G. B., R. K. Bhadra, T. Ramamurthy, A. Ramesh, and S. C. Pal. 1991. Vibrio cholerae and other vibrios associated with paddy field cultured prawns. Food Microbiol. 8: 203-208.  
403.   Niyogi, S. K., S. K. Bhattacharya, P. Dutta, T. N. Naik, S. P. De, D. Sen, M. R. Saha, D. Dutta, G. B. Nair, U. Mitra, M. Bhattacharya, R. Raisaily, and S. C. Pal. 1991. Prevalence of Clostridium difficile in hospitalized patients with acute diarrhoea in Calcutta. J. Diarrhoeal Dis. Res. 9: 16-19.
404.   Paul, M., A. R. Ghosh, G. B. Nair, S. K. Bhattacharya, S. C. Pal, and D. Sen. 1991. Diarrhoea associated with Escherichia coli O157 which do not produce verocytotoxins. J. Diarrhoeal Dis. Res. 9: 123-124.
405.   Sen Gupta, P. G., G. B. Nair, S. Mondal, D. N. Gupta, D. Sen, S. N. Sikdar, P. Das, R. K. Sarkar, S. Ghosh, N. C. Saha, B. C. Deb, and S. C. Pal. 1991. Epidemiology of Campylobacteriosis in a cohort of rural population near Calcutta. Epidemiol. Infect. 106: 507-512.
406.   Takeda, T., Y. Peina, A. Ogawa, S. Dohi, H. Abe, G. B. Nair, and S.C. Pal. 1991. Detection of heat-stable enterotoxin in a cholera toxin gene-positive strain of Vibrio cholerae O1. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 80: 23-28.
[1990]
407.   Ogawa, A., J. Kato, H. Watanabe, G. B. Nair, and T. Takeda. 1990. Cloning and nucleotide sequence determination of a heat-stable enterotoxin gene from Vibrio cholerae non-O1 isolated from a patient with traveller's diarrhea. Infect. Immun. 58: 3325-3329.
408.   Ramamurthy, T., A. Pal, G. B. Nair, S. C. Pal, T. Takeda, and Y. Takeda. 1990. Experience with toxin Bead-ELISA in cholera outbreak. Lancet 336: 375-376.
409.   Takeda, T., G. B. Nair, K. Suzuki, and Y. Shimonishi. 1990. Production of a monoclonal antibody to Vibrio cholerae non-O1 heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) which is cross reactive with Yersinia enterocolitica ST. Infect. Immun. 58: 2755-2759.
[1989]
410.   Bhadra, R. K., H. Lior, S. K. Misra, S. C. Pal, and G. B. Nair. 1989. Serotypes and biotypes of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from diverse sources in Calcutta, India. Indian J. Med. Res. 89: 225-228.
411.   Dutta, P., S. K. Bhattacharya, D. Dutta, D. Sen, G. B. Nair, B. C. Mondal, S. Sinha, and S. C. Pal. 1989. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome following Salmonella typhimurium enteritis. Indian J. Pediatr. 56: 409-410.
412.   Misra, S. K., R. K. Bhadra, S. C. Pal, and G. B. Nair. 1989. Growth of Aeromonas spp. on Butzler Campylobacter selective agar and evaluation of the agar for the primary isolation of Aeromonas spp. from clinical specimens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 27: 346-347.
413.   Misra, S. K., T. Shimada, R. K. Bhadra, S. C. Pal, and G. B. Nair. 1989. Serogroups of Aeromonas species from clinical and environmental sources in Calcutta, India. J. Diarrhoeal Dis. Res.182: 8-12.
414.   Nair, G. B., and S. C. Pal. 1989. Enterotoxin induced diarrhoea: update. Trop. Gastroenterol. 10: 133-141.
415.   Pal, S., S. K. Bhattacharya, P. Das, P. Chaudhuri, P. Dutta, S. P. De, D. Sen, M. R. Saha, G. B. Nair, and S. C. Pal. 1989. Occurrence and significance of cryptosporidium infection in Calcutta. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 83: 520-521.
[1988]
416.   Nair, G. B., B. L. Sarkar, S. P. De, M. K. Chakraborti, R. K. Bhadra, and S. C. Pal. 1988. Ecology of Vibrio cholerae in the freshwater environs of Calcutta, India. Microb. Ecol. 15: 203-215.   
417.   Nair, G. B., Y. Oku, Y. Takeda, A. Ghosh, R. K. Ghosh, S. Chattopadhyay, S. C. Pal, J. B. Kaper, and T. Takeda. 1988. Toxin profiles of Vibrio cholerae non-01 from environmental sources in Calcutta, India. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54:3180-3182.
[1987]
418.   Bhattacharya, S. K., P. Datta, D. Datta, M. K. Bhattacharya, D. Sen, M. R. Saha, G. B. Nair, P. Das, S. N. Sikdar, R. Bose, and S. C. Pal. 1987. Relative efficacy of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole and nalidixic acid for acute invasive diarrhoea. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 31: 837.
419.   Datta, P., S. K. Bhattacharya, D. Datta, D. Sen, M. R. Saha, G. B. Nair, M. K. Bhattacharya, R. Bose, and S. C. Pal. 1987. Clinical presentation of shigellosis during the 1984 epidemic of bacillary dysentery in West Bengal. J. Assoc. Physicians India 35: 195-197.
420.   Mitra, U., S. P. De, G. B. Nair, B. L. Sarkar, and S. Palchaudhuri. 1987. Plasmid patterns, serotyping and Kanagawa phenomenon of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from man, water and fish in Calcutta, India. J. Diarrhoeal Dis. Res. 5: 171-174.
421.   Misra, S., G. B. Nair, R. K. Bhadra, S. N. Sikder, and S. C. Pal. 1987. Comparison of selective media for primary isolation of Aeromonas species from human and animal sources. J. Clin. Microbiol., 25: 2040-2043.
422.   Nair, G. B., S. Misra, R. K. Bhadra, and S. C. Pal. 1987. Evaluation of the multitest medium for rapid presumptive identification of Vibrio cholerae from environmental sources. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53: 1203-1205.
423.   Nair, G. B., S. K. Bhattacharya, P. Datta, R. K. Bhadra, M. K. Bhattacharya, and S. C. Pal. 1987. Diarrhoeagenic Campylobacters in hospitalized dysentery patients in Calcutta. Indian J. Med. Res. 85: 104-106.
424.   Ramesh, A., G. B. Nair, M. Abraham, R. Natarajan, and V. K. Venugopalan. 1987. Seasonal distribution of luminous bacteria in tropical Vellar estuary. Microbios 52: 151-159.  
[1986]
425.   Bhattacharya, S. K., D. Sen, G. B. Nair, M. K. Bhattacharya, P. Datta, and D. Datta. 1986. Multiply drug-resistant Shigella dysenteriae type 1 and traveller's diarrhoea. J. Infect. Dis. 154: 729-30.
426.   Nair, G. B., S. K. Bhattacharya, P. Datta, J. K. Sen, D. Datta, M. K. Bhattacharya, R. K. Bhadra, and S. C. Pal. 1986. Campylobacter pyloridis in samples of endoscopic biopsy in patients with upper gastrointestinal tract disease. Indian J. Med. Res. 84: 574-576.
427.   Nair, G. B., S. K. Bhattacharya, R. K. Bhadra, P. Datta, D. Datta, and S. C. Pal. 1986. Biphasic Campylobacter enteritis in Bengali children. J. Diarrhoeal Dis. Res. 4: 163-164.
[1985]
428.   Bhattacharya, S. K., G. B. Nair, P. Datta, D. Dutta, M. K. Bhattacharya, R. Bose, and S. C. Pal. 1985. Clinical manifestations of Campylobacter enteritis in Calcutta. Indian J. Med. Res. 82: 90-92.
429.   Nair, G. B. 1985. Plasmid patterns, serotyping and Kanagawa phenomenon of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from man, water and fish in Calcutta, India. Indian J. Med. Res. 82: 281-285.
430.   Nair, G. B., and S. C. Pal. 1985. Biotype characterization and antibiotic sensitivity of Campylobacters from human and non-human sources. Indian J. Med. Res. 81: 357-363.
431.   Nair, G. B., B. L. Sarkar, M. Abraham, and S. C. Pal. 1985. Serotypes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from hydrobiologically dissimilar aquatic environs. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 50: 724-726.
432.   Nair, G. B., M. Abraham, R. Natarajan, and S. C. Pal. 1985. Computer characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and allied sucrose negative vibrios isolated from estuarine         environs of Porto Novo. Indian J. Med. Res. 81: 20-30.
433.   Nair, G. B., M. R. Saha, B. L. Sarkar, and S. C. Pal. 1985. Comparison of the modified Elek test and Wagatsuma agar for determination of the Kanagawa phenomenon of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. J. Clin. Microbiol. 22: 868-869.
434.   Nair, G. B., R. K. Sarkar, S. Chowdhury, and S. C. Pal. 1985. Campylobacter infection in domestic dogs. Vet. Rec. 116: 237-238.
435.   Sarkar, B. L., G. B. Nair, A. K. Banerjee, and S. C. Pal. 1985. Seasonal distribution of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in freshwater environs and in association with freshwater fishes in Calcutta. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 49: 132-136.
436.   Sen, D., M. R. Saha, G. B. Nair, P. Das, S. K. Niyogi, S. P. De, S. K. Bhattacharya, P. Datta, D. Datta, and S. C. Pal. 1985. Etiological spectrum of acute diarrhoea in hospitalized patients in Calcutta. Indian J. Med. Res. 82: 286-291.
[1984]
437.   Bhattacharya, S. K., G. B. Nair, P. Datta, D. Datta, S. P. De, and S. C. Pal. 1984. Electrocardiographic changes in Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. J. Assoc. Physicians India 32: 607-608.
438. Chowdhury, S., G. B. Nair, and S. C. Pal. 1984. Occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni in country chickens in Calcutta. Indian J. Med. Res. 79: 171-173.
439.   Nair, G. B., S. Chowdhury, P. Das, S. Pal and S. C. Pal. 1984. Improved preservation medium for Campylobacter jejuni. J. Clin. Microbiol. 19: 298-299.
440.   Nair, G. B., S. Chowdhury, S. K. Bhattacharya, and S. C. Pal. 1984. Occurrence and significance of Campylobacter jejuni in Calcutta. Indian J. Med. Res. 80: 412-216.
441.   Pal, S. C., and G. B. Nair. 1984. Epidemiology of campylobacteriosis in developing countries. ICMR Bull. 14: 79-83.  
442.   Sarkar, R., S. Chowdhury, G. B. Nair, and S. C. Pal. 1984. Prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni in an abattoir. Indian J. Med. Res. 80: 417-420.
    [1983]  
443. Nair, G. B., S. K. Bhattacharya, and S. C. Pal. 1983. Isolation and characterization of Campylobacter jejuni from acute diarrhoea cases in Calcutta. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med.  Hyg. 77: 474-476.
       
444. Sen, D., M. R. Saha, S. K. Niyogi, G. B. Nair, S. P. De, P. Datta, D. Datta, S. C. Pal, R. Bose, and J. Roychowdhury. 1983. Aetiological studies on hospital in-patients with acute diarrhoea in Calcutta. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med.  Hyg. 77: 212-214.
445. Sarkar, B. L., G. B. Nair, B. K. Sircar, and S. C. Pal. 1983. Incidence and level of Vibrio parahaemolyticus associated with freshwater plankton. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 46: 288-290.
       
[1982]
446. Nair, G. B., and S.C. Pal. 1982. Short-term preservation medium for Campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni. Indian J. Med. Res. 76: 692-695.
[1980]
447. Natarajan, R., M. Abraham, and G. B. Nair. 1980. Distribution of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Porto Novo environment. Indian J. Med. Res. 71: 679-687.
448. Natarajan, R., M. Abraham, and G. B. Nair. 1980. Vibrio parahaemolyticus and the seafood industry. Fish. Technol. 17: 1-6.
449. Nair, G. B., M. Abraham, and R. Natarajan. 1980. Distribution of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in finfish harvested from Porto Novo (S. India) environs: a seasonal study. Can. J. Microbiol. 26: 1264-1269.
450. Nair, G. B., M. Abraham, and R. Natarajan. 1980. Marine vibrios and related genera from the Vellar estuary. Mahasagar 13: 285-290.
[1979]
451. Natarajan, R., G. B. Nair, and M. Abraham. 1979. Characterization of marine food borne pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from freshwater fishes. Indian J. Mar. Sci. 8: 166-169.
452. Nair, G. B., M. Abraham, and R. Natarajan. 1979. Isolation and identification of luminous bacteria from Porto Novo estuarine environs. Indian J. Mar. Sci. 8: 46-48.
453. Natarajan, R., G. B. Nair, and M. Abraham. 1979. Incidence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in relation to feeding habit of fishes. Curr. Sci. 48: 875-877.
454. Natarajan, R., M. Abraham, and G. B. Nair. 1979. Distribution of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and allied vibrios in backwater and mangrove biotopes at Porto Novo. Indian J. Mar. Sci. 8: 286-289.
[1977]
455. Nair, G. B., N. Selvakumar, D. Chandramohan, and R. Natarajan. 1977. Distribution and activity of L-asparaginase producing fungi in the marine environments of Porto Novo. Indian J. Mar. Sci. 6: 172-173.

 
Book Chapters
  1. Pal, S. C., B. K. Sircar, G. B. Nair and B. C. Deb. 1984. Epidemiology of bacterial diarrhoeal diseases in India with special reference to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections. In: Bacterial Diarrhoeal Disease, Eds. Y. Takeda and T. Miwatani. KTK Scientific Publishers, Tokyo, p. 65-73.
     
  2. Pal, S. C., G. B. Nair and B. C. Deb. 1985. Etiology and Epidemiology of acute diarrhoeal diseases in India. In: Infectious Diseases in the Young: Strategies for Control in Humans and animals, Ed. S. Tzipori. Elsevier Science Publishers, Netherlands, p. 73-79.
     
  3. Pal, A., T. Ramamurthy, T. Shimada, Y. Takeda, S.C. Pal and G.B. Nair. 1992. Comparison of the enterotoxic, cytotoxic and haemolytic potentials of Aeromonas species of clinical and environmental origin In: Recent Advances in Toxinology Research (Vol. 3) Eds. P. Gopalkrishnakone and C.K. Tan. Published by the Venom and Toxin Research Group, National University of Singapore. p. 449-460.
     
  4. Nair, G. B. and Y. Takeda. 1994. Detection of toxins of Vibrio cholerae O1 and non-O1. In. Vibrio cholerae and Cholera: Molecular to Global Perspective. Eds. Wachsmuth, I.K., P. Blake and O. Olsvik. American Society of Microbiology, Washington, D.C., USA. p 53-67
     
  5. Yamasaki, S., H. Kurazono, G. B. Nair and Y. Takeda. 1997. Evolution of a new clone of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype ElTor as evident from cellular DNA analysis by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. In: Cytokines, Cholera and the Gut. Ed. Gerald T. Keusch. IOS Press, Inc., VA, USA, p. 219-226.
     
  6. Yoshino, K. I., T. Ramamurthy, K. Abe, Y. Ito, G. B. Nair, T. Kohsaka, Y. Shimonishi, and T. Takeda. 1997. Purification and characterization of a novel superantigen produced by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. In: Cytokines, Cholera and the Gut. Ed. Gerald T. Keusch, IOS Press, Inc., USA, p. 257-263.
     
  7. Nair, G. B. and Y. Takeda. 1997. The heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxins of Escherichia coli. In: Escherichia coli: Mechanisms of virulence. Ed. Max Sussman. Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom. p. 237-256.
     
  8. Bhattacharya, S. K. and G. B. Nair. 1999. Cholera. In: Conn's Current Therapy. Ed. R.E. Rakel, W.B. Saunders Company, Harcourt Brace and Company, p. 74-77.
     
  9. Morris, J. G. and G. B. Nair. 1999. "Noncholera" Vibrio infections. In: Tropical Diseases : Principles pathogens and practice. Editors R.L. Guerrant, D.H. Walker and P.F. Weller. Published by Chrchill Livingstone, Harcourt Brace and Company, p. 336-344.
     
  10. Takeda, T., K. Yoshino, T. Ramamurthy and G.B. Nair. 1999. Heat-stable enterotoxins of Vibrio and Yersinia species. In: The Comprehensive Sourcebook of Bacterial Protein Toxins. Second Edition. Academic press, p. 545-556.
     
  11. Garg, P., A. Basu, T. Ramamurthy, C. Sharma, S. Maiti, A. Ghosh, S. K. Bhattacharya, Y. Takeda and G. B. Nair. 1999. Emerging clones of Vibrio cholerae and multi-drug resistance. In: Multi drug Resistance in Emerging and Reemerging Diseases. Edited by R.C. Mahajan and A. Therwath, Indian National Science Academy, p. 31-42.
     
  12. Bhattacharya, S. K., A. K. Deb and G. B. Nair. 1999. Enteric pathogens. In: National Report (1994-1999) of the Indian National Committee of the International Union of Microbiological Societies (IUMS). Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi, p. 227-246.
     
  13. Ghosh, A., M. Thungapathra, C. Sharma, N. Gupta, R. K. Ghosh, A. Mukhopadhyay, H. Kole, and G. B. Nair. 2000. Efforts towards the development of oral cholera vaccines in India against the backdrop of global endeavours. In: Diarrhoeal Diseases Research Perspectives Ed. N. Appaji Rao and N.K. Ganguly, Indian National Science Academy, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi; p. 1-16.
     
  14. Morris, G. J., Jr., and G. B. Nair. 2001. “Non-cholera” Vibrio infections. In: Essentials of Tropical Infectious Diseases. Ed. Richard L. Guerrant, David H. Walker and Peter F. Weller. Churchill Livingstone, New York, p. 167-169.
     
  15. Cimolai, N., G. B. Nair, Y. Takeda and L. R. Trabulsi. 2001. Enterobacteriaceae and Enteric Infections. In: Laboratory Diagnosis of Bacterial infections. Ed. Nevio Cimolai. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, p. 423-497.
     
  16. Nair, G. B., J. Batram, A. H. Havelaar and J. Jacob. 2002. Vibrio cholerae. In: Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality (Second Edition). Addendum Microbial agents in Drinking Water. World Health Organization, p. 119-142.
     
  17. Nair, G. B., T. Ramamurthy, S. K. Bhattacharya, R. K. Ghosh, M. Thungapathra and A. Ghosh. 2002. The development and value of cholera vaccines. In: Trends in Malaria and Vaccine Research: The current Indian scenario. Eds. D. Raghunath and R. Nayak. Tata McGraw¬-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, India, p. 163-173.
     
  18. Bhattacharya, S. K. and G. B. Nair. 2003. Cholera. In: Clinical Immunology, Ed. P.C. Sengupta. Oxford University Press, p. 1049-1056.
     
  19. Uma, G., T. Ramamurthy, S. K. Bhattacharya and G. B. Nair. 2003. Cholera: Current knowledge in the genetics of Vibrio cholerae. In: Diarrhoeal Diseases: Current Status, Research Trends and Field Studies. Eds. D. Raghunath and R. Nayak. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, p. 57-70.
     
  20. Nair, G.B. and D. A. Sack. 2004. Vibrios. In: Infectious Diseases, Third Edition, Eds S.L. Gorbach, J.G. Bartlett and N.R. Backlow. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, USA, p. 1693-1697.
     
  21. Nair, G. B., S. M. Faruque, P. Garg, T. Ramamurthy and Y. Takeda. 2004. Molecular epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae: masquerade of a deceptive pathogen. In: Ecological Destruction, Health and Development: Advancing Asian Paradigms. Kyoto University Press, Japan, p. 231-250.
     
  22. Colwell, R.R., S. M. Faruque and G. B. Nair. 2004. Free-living to freewheeling: The evolution of Vibrio cholerae from innocence to infamy. In: Infectious Disease and host-pathogen evolution. Ed. Krishna R. Dronamraju. Cambridge University Press, p. 198-221.
     
  23. Qadri, F., N. Roy Chowdhury, Y. Takeda, and G. B. Nair. 2005. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, seafood safety and associations with higher organisms. In: Oceans and Health: Pathogens in the Marine Environment. Edited by Shimshon Belkin and Rita R. Colwell, Springer, New York, USA, p. 277-295.
     
  24. De. K., R. K. Nandy and G. B. Nair. 2005. Microbiological and molecular methods to identify and characterize toxigenic Vibrio cholerae from food samples. In: Methods in Biotechnology, Vol. 21: Food-borne Pathogens: Methods and Protocols. Edited by: Catherine C. Adley. Humana Press Inc. Totowa, NJ, USA, p. 99-124.
     
  25. Faruque, S.M. and G.B. Nair. 2006. Epidemiology. In: The Biology of Vibrios. Edited by F.L. Thompson et al., ASM Press, Washington, D.C., USA, p. 385-398.
     
  26. Morris, G. J., Jr., and G. B. Nair. 2006. “Non-cholera” Vibrio infections. In: Tropical Infectious Diseases Principles, Pathogens and Practice (Second Edition). Eds. Richard L. Guerrant, David H. Walker and Peter F. Weller. Churchill Livingstone - ELSEVIER, New York, p. 283-291.
     
  27. Nair, G. B., S. M. Faruque and D. A. Sack. 2006. Vibrios. In: Emerging foodborne pathogens. Edited by Yasmine Motarjemi and Martin Adams. Woodhead Publishing Ltd, Cambridge, England, p. 332-372.
     
  28. Huq, A., C. Grimm, R. R. Colwell and G.B. Nair. 2006. Detection, isolation and identification of Vibrio cholerae from the environment. In: Coico R, Kowalik T, Quarles J, Stevenson B, Taylor R, editors. Current Protocols in Microbiology. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., p. 6A.5.1-38.
     
  29. Ramamurthy, T. and G. B. Nair. 2006. Foodborne pathogenic Vibrios. In: Simjee, S. Infectious Disease: Foodborne Diseases. Humana Press, Inc., Totowa, NJ., p. 113-154.
     
  30. Nair, G. B., A. K. Mukhopadhyay, A. Safa and Y. Takeda. 2008. Emerging hybrid variants of Vibrio cholerae O1. In: Vibrio cholerae Genomics and Molecular Biology, Edited by S.M. Faruque and G.B. Nair. Caister Academic Press, Norfolk, UK., p. 179-190.

 

Books

  1. Faruque S. M. and G. B. Nair (Editors). 2008. Vibrio cholerae Genomics and Molecular Biology. Caister Academic Press, Norfolk, UK.
     
  2. Takeda, Y. and G. B. Nair (Editors) 2008. Role of Probiotics in intestinal milieu and disease management. Published by Yakult Danone India (P) Limited. India.
     
  3. Takeda, Y. and G. B. Nair (Editors) 2009. Evidence based health benefits of Probiotics. Published by Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
     
  4. Nair G. B. and Y. Takeda (Editors) 2010. Probiotic food in health and disease. Published by Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi

Reports prepared

  1. FAO expert workshop on the application of biosecurity measures to control Salmonella contamination in sustainable aquaculture. Mangalore, India, 19-21 January 2010. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report No.937.


Patent
 

Patents filed abroad

Thungapathra, M.; Ghosh, A.; Sharma, C.; Gupta, N.; Ghosh, R.K.; Mukhopadhyay, A.; Kole, H. and Nair, G.B.

PROCESS FOR THE ISOLATION OF A NONTOXINOGENIC VIBRO CHOLERAE STRAIN AND A PROCESS FOR PREPARING CHOLERA VACCINE FROM SAID VIBRIO CHOLERAE STRAIN (US Patent no. 6106843 dated 22/08/2000)
 

Thungapathra, M.; Ghosh, A.; Sharma, C.; Gupta, N.; Ghosh, R.K.; Mukhopadhyay, A.; Kole, H. and Nair, G.B.

PROCESS FOR THE ISOLATION OF A NONTOXINOGENIC VIBRO CHOLERAE STRAIN AND A PROCESS FOR PREPARING CHOLERA VACCINE FROM SAID VIBRIO CHOLERAE STRAIN (Patent pending in Japan)

Thungapathra, M.; Ghosh, A.; Sharma, C.; Gupta, N.; Ghosh, R.K.; Mukhopadhyay, A.; Kole, H. and Nair, G.B.

PROCESS FOR THE ISOLATION OF A NONTOXINOGENIC VIBRO CHOLERAE STRAIN AND A PROCESS FOR PREPARING CHOLERA VACCINE FROM SAID VIBRIO CHOLERAE STRAIN (Patent pending in EP)

Patents filed in India

 Thungapathra, M.; Ghosh, A.; Sharma, C.; Gupta, N.; Ghosh, R.K.; Mukhopadhyay, A.; Kole, H. and Nair, G.B.

A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF CHOLERA VACCINE (Patent application no. 2740DEL1996)

Thungapathra, M.; Ghosh, A.; Sharma, C.; Gupta, N.; Ghosh, R.K.; Mukhopadhyay, A.; Kole, H. and Nair, G.B.

A PROCESS FOR THE ISOLATION OF A NONTOXINOGENIC V CHOLERAE STRAIN (Patent application no. 2734DEL1996)

 

Awards / Honours

  • Awarded Prof. J.V. Bhat Memorial Award at the ‘Prof. J.V. Bhat Memorial Oration 2009’ at Dr. TMA Pai Planetarium of Manipal Life Sciences Centre, Manipal University, Manipal on 3rd. March, 2009.
     
  • Awarded J.B. Chatterjee Gold Medal at the J.B. Chatterjee Memorial Oration to commemorate the 37th Death Anniversary of Late Prof. J.B. Chatterjee at the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata on 28th February, 2009.
     
  • Awarded Gold Medal on March 2, 1999 during the 3rd State Conference, Indian Association of Medical Microbiologists, West Bengal Chapter at the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Calcutta.
     
  • Awarded the Prof. S.C. Mahalanobis Memorial Award on January 5, 1998 from the Physiological Society of India and deliver the Memorial Oration at the Indian Science Congress at Hyderabad.
     
  • Awarded the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award for excellence in Medical Sciences for the year 1998.
     
  • Awarded Certificate of Merit in recognition and appreciation for outstanding contribution to Public Health Education for Vibrio cholerae and Cholera, March, 1994 from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, USA.


Memberships/Fellowships

  • Fellow of the Association of Microbiolotists of India (FAMI) (21st November, 2009)
     
  • Fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology (FAAM) (20th May, 2009)
     
  • Panel Member of the United States panel of Cholera and other bacterial enteric infections at the 44th Annual Joint Panel Meeting, San Diego, California, October 12-14, 2009.
     
  • Fellow of the Third World Academy of Sciences (renamed as The Academy of Sciences for the Developing Nations) (23rd November 2004)
     
  • Member of the International Association on Water Pollution Research and Control (Specialist Group on Health-Related Water Microbiology)
     
  • Invited as Expert by the European Centre for Environment and Health, WHO Regional Office for Europe for preparation of the Microbiology Review document for Vibrio cholerae.
     
  • Fellow of the Indian National Academy (FNA) (October 7, 2002)
     
  • Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Sciences, USA (April 30th, 2002)
     
  • Member of the CSIR Expert Committee for selection of SRF/RA in the subject of Medical Science held on 15 & 16 Feb. 1999 held at CSIR Complex, Pusa, New Delhi.
     
  • Expert in Medical Biotechnology for the selection of Post-doctoral Fellows under the Post Doctoral Training Programme of the Bose Institute on March 27, 1999.
     
  • Elected as the Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences, India (FNASc) in 1995.
     
  • Elected to the position of Member-at-Large to the Executive Board of the International Union of Microbiological Society at the Executive Board Meeting held on July 7, 1994 at Prague, Czech Republic.
     
  • Elected on Sept. 8, 1986 as member of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology (ICSB), Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Vibrionaceae.
     
  • Course Facilitator in the WHO Inter country Courses on Laboratory Aspects of Diarrhoeal Diseases from 1982 onwards.

     
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